Family Campanulaceae Adans
Сем. CXXIX. КАМБАНКОВИ - CAMPANULACEAE ADANS.¹
Fam: Campanulaceae Adans
English Name: Bellflower familyDescription: Perennial to annual herbaceous plants, very rare shrubs, usually with milk juice. Stem upright or ascending, upward, sometimes screaming or wrapped up. Leaves consecutive, seldom opposite, without stipule, simple, entire, jagged or cut. Inflorescence racemous – wheatear-similar, grape, broom, short-grained-head, sometimes head with a envelope stipule, less rarely cimous - monohasium or dihasium. Blossoms correct, rarely incorrect, in groups or single, top or axillary, bisexual, protonic, rarely unisexual, dioecious. The calyx with 3-to-5- shares, with loose shares, sometimes between them with appendages that have been ovulating. The crown is grown up, 5-split, less often the shares up to 10 or reduced to 3, tubular, funnel-shaped, bell-shaped or disk-shaped, the cuts between diffirent deep, sometimes reaching almost to the base, rarely the shares of the crown during flowering clustered on the top, free up to the base. The stamens (3) 5 (10) are arranged consequently on the shares of the crown, attached to the base of the crown or to the nectar disc, most often with extended stems, with free or to varying degrees cohesive, longitudinally cracked anthers. The carpellum of (2) 5 carpels, with bottom, sometimes half down,
(2) 5 (10)- nesting, rarely almost 1-nesting ovary, with the axis, rarely top or basal placentation, usually with multiple sepsis in each nest. The style longer than the tube of the crown, usually densely covered with unicellular hair, with a 3-part, rarely two-to-many-stigma. The fruit disbanded, opening with pores, with flaps or crackling incorrect, rarely unpacked box, very rarely walnut or strawberry. The seeds with a straightened germ, with a well developed endosperm. They are pollinated by insects, rarely self-pollinating. Propagate with seeds and vegetative.
Table for determination of the genera
1 The cutouts of the crown reach almost to its base ................................................................................................................................................ 2
1* The cutouts of the crown reach 1/4 to 1/2 of its length .......................................................................................................................................... 4
2 Blossoms in one or in groups in grapevine inflorescences .....................................................................................5. - Asyneuma Griseb. & Schenk
2* Blossoms collected in heads or dense classes ...................................................................................................................................................... .3
3 Blossoms without bracts; the box opens with 2 flaps, located at the his top part ….........................................................……..……. 9. - Jasione L.
3* Each of the blossoms in the base with bracts; the box opens with 2 - 3 pores located just above the middle ................................... 6. - Phyteuma L.
4 Fruit long cylindrical box; crocodile broadband ……........................................................................................................ 3. - Legousia Durande
4* The fruit back ovoid or globular box; crown most often bell-shaped, rarely trumpet or trumpet-funnel .................................................................... 5
5 The anthers grown up in a tube around the style ................................................................................................................. 2. - Symphyandra DC.
5* The anthers free .............................................. ................................................................................................................................................... 6
6 Corolla trumpet, tube up to 2 mm wide; the style significantly longer than the crown ….................................................………... 4. - Trachelium L.
6* Corolla bell-similar or funnel, the tube wider than 3 mm; the style shorter or slightly longer than the crown .............................................................. 7
7 The box opens with pores, located at the base at the middle or top .............................................................................................. 1. Campanula L.
7* The box does not open with pores, the seeds are released after splintering between the teeth ................................................................................. 8
8 Blossoms gathered in a head of inflorescence, in the base with a envelope of prickling …...........................................……… 7. - Edrajanthus DC.
8* Blossoms of 1 at the tops of the flower stems or 2 - 5 (6) in the in petiolate racemes …….............................................………. 8. - Petkovia Stef.¹ Developed by M. Anchev.
From „Флора на Република България”, том XI, БАН, Акад. Изд. „Проф. Марин Дринов”, София, (2013) * * *
The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky non-toxic sap.[2] Among them are the familiar garden plants Campanula (bellflower), Lobelia, and Platycodon (balloonflower).
This family is almost cosmopolitan but concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. However in the Southern Hemisphere, South Africa is remarkably rich in members of this family. These species are absent in the Sahara, Antarctica, and northern Greenland.
Most current classifications include the segregate family Lobeliaceae in Campanulaceae as subfamily Lobelioideae.Description
Leaves are often alternate, more rarely opposite. They are also simple and without stipules.
Flowers are bisexual, bell-shaped, consisting of a narrow tube-like corolla with small spreading lobes. Many are blue.
Fruits are berries or capsules.Fossil record
The earliest known occurrence of Campanulaceae pollen is from Oligocene strata.[3] Earliest Campanulaceae macrofossils dated, are seeds of †Campanula paleopyramidalis from 17-16 million years old Miocene deposits in the Nowy Sacz, Carpathians, Poland. It is a close relative of the extant Campanula pyramidalis.[4][5]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia * * *
References: „Флора на Република България”, том XI, БАН, Акад. Изд. „Проф. Марин Дринов”, София, (2013), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:
GENERA:
Genus Campanula L. EN.html - Bellflower
Genus Jasione L. EN.html - Sheep’s bit
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