Family Convolvulaceae Vent.

Сем. XIX. ПОВЕТИЦОВИ — CONVOLVULACEAE VENT. ¹ 

Fam:   Convolvulaceae Vent.
English Name: Morning glory family

Description:

Shrubs, semi-shrubs (rarely woody) or perennial up to annual herbs, often repent, often with milky juice in the leaves and stems. Leaves simple, consecutive, entire or less often cut without stipule. Flowers with bracts, bisexual, regular, single or in cymose inflorescences, top or lateral. Sepals 5 free or fused at the base. Corolla of 5 fused leaves, funnel-shaped or bell-shaped, rarely tubular or disc-shaped. Stamens 5 alternating with the corolla lobes, fused at the base with them, the stamens uneven, often widened at the base. The carpellum of 2 (3 - 5) carpellums, with an upper, one- to four-lobed ovary, each well with 1 - 2 (-4) erect, hemianatropic or anatropic seedlings with one integument; the style single (rarely two), elongated or shortened to almost undeveloped; the stigma hawthorn or duple; at the base of the ovary developed disk of 5 ingrown nectar glands. Fruit spherical, conical or ovate, bursting in 2 - 5 shares. Seeds numerous to several or single, small, glabrous or fibrous, smooth or granular to wrinkled. Insect-pollinated plants, propagated by seeds and vegetative shoots.

Species Porana macrantha Neeg (Bregani - Oligocene) and P. oeningensis are found in the fossil state A. Br. (Pernik - Oligocene).

Table for determination of the genera: 1  Leaves sessile, up to 10 mm long. Corolla up to middle, up to 5 mm long, significantly   shorter than stamens .............................. 1. - Cressa L. 1* Leaves with petioles, less often sessile but then longer than 10 mm. Corolla to the top fused, longer than (10) 20 - 50 mm, much longer than the stamens ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 2 Bracts broadly ovoid or heart-shaped, usually little or much covering the calyx .................................................................. 3. - Calystegia R. Br. 2* Pricklings lance, linear or filamentous, not covering the calyx ........................................................................................................................... 3 3   Stigma with 2 filamentary to cylindrical or shovel-shaped shares ............................................................................................ 2. Convolvulus L. 3* Stigma not cut or with 2 - 3 spherical shares .............................................................................................................................. * - Ipomoea L. Developed by Bogdan Kuzmanov From:   „Флора на Н Р България”, том VIII, БАН, София, (1982)

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Convolvulaceae, known commonly as the bindweed or morning glory family, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species of mostly herbaceousvines, but also trees, shrubs and herbs, and also including the sweet potato and a few other food tubers.

Description[edit]

Convolvulaceae can be recognized by their funnel-shaped, radially symmetricalcorolla; the floral formula for the family has five sepals, five fused petals, five epipetalous stamens (stamens fused to the petals), and a two-part syncarpousand superior gynoecium. The stems of these plants are usually winding, hence their Latin name (from convolvere, "to wind"). The leaves are simple and alternate, without stipules. In parasitic Cuscuta they are reduced to scales. The fruit can be a capsule, berry, or nut, all containing only two seeds per one locule(one ovule/ovary).
The leaves and starchy, tuberous roots of some species are used as foodstuffs(e.g. sweet potato and water spinach), and the seeds are exploited for their medicinal value as purgatives. Some species contain ergoline alkaloids that are likely responsible for the use of these species as ingredients in psychedelicdrugs (e.g. ololiuhqui). The presence of ergolines in some species of this family is due to infection by fungi related to the ergot fungi of the genus Claviceps. A recent study of Convolvulaceae species,Ipomoea asarifolia, and its associatedfungi showed the presence of a fungus, identified by DNA sequencing of 18s and ITS ribosomal DNA and phylogenetic analysis to be closely related to fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae, was always associated with the presence of ergoline alkaloids in the plant. The identified fungus appears to be a seed-transmitted, obligate biotroph growing epiphyticallyon its host.[1] This finding strongly suggests the unique presence of ergoline alkaloids in some species of the family Convolvulaceae is due to symbiosis with clavicipitaceous fungi. Moreover, another group of compounds, loline alkaloids, commonly produced by some members of the clavicipitaceous fungi (genus Neotyphodium), has been identified in a convolvulaceous species, but the origin of the loline alkaloids in this species is unknown.[2]
Members of the family are well known as showy garden plants (e.g. morning glory) and as troublesome weeds (e.g. bindweed and dodder), while Humbertia madagascariensis is a medium-sized tree.

Tribes[edit]

According to the study of D. F. Austin (see Reference) the family Convolvulaceae can be classified in the tribes Ericybeae, Cresseae, Convolvuleae, merremioids, Ipomoeae, Argyreiae, Poraneae, Dichondreae, and Cuscuteae (previously classified as a separate family Cuscutaceae).

References

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Convolvulaceae

The family Convolvulaceae is in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants).
Statistics are at the bottom of the page.

Genera in Convolvulaceae

A list of all accepted names in Convolvulaceae is available in CSV format.

Statistics

Species of Convolvulaceae contained within The Plant List belong to 57 plant genera.
The Plant List includes 3,625 scientific plant names of species rank for the family Convolvulaceae. Of these 906 are accepted species names.
The Plant List includes a further 639 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the family Convolvulaceae. We do not intend The Plant List to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. These are primarily included because names of species rank are synonyms of accepted infraspecific names.

Species names

The status of the 3,625 species names for the familyConvolvulaceae recorded in The Plant List, are as follows:

Status	Total
◕	Accepted	906	25.0%
◕	Synonym	1,854	51.1%
◕	Unplaced	0	0%
◕	Unassessed	865	23.9%

All names

The status of the 4,264 names (including infraspecific names) for the family Convolvulaceae recorded in The Plant List, are as follows:

StatusTotal◕Accepted1,04724.6%◕Synonym2,31654.3%◕Unplaced00%◕Unassessed90121.1%

From:   www.theplantlist.org › browse › Convolvulaceae

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Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:

References: „Флора на Н Р България”, том VIII, БАН, София, (1982), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, www.theplantlist.org › browse › Convolvulaceae

GENERA:

Genus Calystegia R. BR. - Bindweed, False bindweed, or Morning glory

Genus Convolvulus L. - Bindweed, Morning glory

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