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Family Dipsacaceae Juss.

Сем. CXXVII. ЛУГАЧКОВИ - DIPSACACEAE JUSS.¹*

Fam: Dipsacaceae Juss.
English Name: Teasel family

Description:

Annual, biennial or perennial herbaceous plants, rare shrubs. Stems nude or fibrous, sometimes with thorns. The leaves at the base of the stems often rosette-shaped arranged, stem leaves opposite or in vertebrae, seatting down or with stems, the lower ones in some of them accrete, without stipule, simple, entire, lord or feather-like cut, on the edge entire rounded or jagged, naked or to a different degree fibrous, some on the bottom surface with spines. Blossoms collected in dense and limpid head-like similsr inflorescences, almost all of equal in size or peripheral blossoms larger than the inner ones; the heads ovoid, pherical, hemispherical or cylindrical, top or peripheral, covered by wrappers (involucrum); the leaflets of the involucrum are more or less the same, one-, two- or multiple, or the outer considerably larger, green, foliage, sometimes prickly, the inner often membranous. The inflorescence bed is almost flat, narrowly conical, hemispherically or cylindrically, covered with different shapes, often membranous leaflets (bracts) or bristles. The blossoms are irregular, bipolar or same-sex (feminine), each blossom usually with a double calyx: the external formed by 4 mature, cross-bred bracts - tubular, cylindrical or bell-trumpet, more or less ribbed with 4 or 8 ribs or pits, on the top with or without a crown; the inner (real) calyx located on the top of the pistil, with 4 – 5 shares, discoid, panicked or tubular, on the edge with teeth, bristles or a few awn. Corolla tubular, irregularly, with 4 to 5 almost equal shares or two-mouth, often larger in the peripheral blossoms of the inflorescence, white, yellow, blue, pink, dark red or violet. Stamens 2 - 4, with equal with each other stamen stems, attached to the tube of the crown, alternating with its shares, and usually protrude above them. The carpel of two carpel with a lower, one-eyed ovary, with or without a style, the stigma simple or two-sided. The fruit is dry, unobstrusive, single-seeded (fructose), included in the outer calyx, often with a protruding retention or dropping inner calyx. Seeds with oil endosperm. Insect pollinated plants. Propagate with seeds and vegetative.

Business significance. Many species are cultivated for landscaping.

Table for determination of the genera

1   Stems prickly ................................................................................................................................................................................. 2. Dipsacus L.
1* Stems are not prickly ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2   Corolla 5-sided ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2* Corolla 4-sided ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
3   The inner calyx with 5 hard smooth awn ....................................................................................................................................... 6. - Scabiosa L.
3* Inner calyx with 8 - 24 hard grooves or soft feather-like fiber, long few awn .......................................................................................................... 4
4   The outer calyx along its length with eight grooves, without a crown; the inner calyx with soft, fether-like fibrous, erect few awn ................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Pterocephalus Vaill. ex Adans.
4* The outer calyx in the upper half with 8 pits, at the bottom with 8 furrows, with a membraneous crown; the inner calyx with hard, grooves, horizontally spread ut few awn ................................................................................................................................................................... 7. - Tremastelma Raf.
5   The outer calyx with a stem, flattened, with 4 ribs; inflorescence bed with bristles .............................................................................. 4. - Knautia L.
5* The outer calyx is sitting down, tubular, with 4 - 8 ribs; inflorescence bed with membraneous flakes ....................................................................... 6
6 The tegumental leaflets of the inflorescence (involucrum) skinny, tile-like overlapping, arranged in more than 3 rows; the outer calyx with 8 ribs, on the top with 4 - 8 sharp teeth or long, straight few awn ................................................................................... 1. - Cephalaria Schrad. ex Roem. & Schult.
6* The tegumental leaflets of the inflorescence (involucrum) grassy, green, arranged in 2 rows; the outer calyx with 8 grooves and 4 ribs, each rib ends with a pointed teeth ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3. - Succisa Haller

¹ Developead by A. Petrova.

From „Флора на Република България” том XI, София, (2013)

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The Dipsacaceae have been recognized as a family (the teasel family) of the order Dipsacales containing 350 species of perennial or biennial herbs and shrubs in eleven genera. The species are currently placed in the family Caprifoliaceae. Native to most temperate climates, they are found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Some species of this family have been naturalized in other places. The spikes of the common teasel (pictured) are not particularly spiny and may be quite soft. In some places, the spikes are used in cotton threading.
The Dipsacaceae have been recognized as a family of the order Dipsacales containing 350 species of perennial or biennial herbs and shrubs in eleven genera. The species are currently placed in the family Caprifoliaceae. Native to most temperate climates, they are found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:

References:

„Флора на Република България” том XI, София, (2013)

FLORA Republicae Bulgaricae, Opus inceptum curu redactoris principalis acad. DAKI JORDANOV, SERDICAE * 2013, Editio Academica “Professor MARIN DRINOV”
Editit tomum XI S. I. Kožuharon et M. E. Ančev
Redactor responsabilis editionis Prof. D. R. Peev, Dr. Sci.,

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

GENERA:

Genus Dipsacus EN.html - Teasel, Teazel or Teazle

Genus Knautia EN.html - Widow flower, Scabiou

Genus Scabiosa L.EN_renewed.html - Scabious flowers

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