Family Solanaceae Juss. Fam: Solanaceae Juss.
English Name: Nightshades
Description: The nightshade plant
Annual to perennial herbaceous plants, subshrubs or shrubs, rarely small trees. Stems erect or climbing, rarely missing. Leaves simple to feather-like devided, consecutive or opposite, rarely in whorls or in a dense basal rosette, without stipules. Blossoms bisexual, rarely unisexual, regular, rarely irregular, single or in clusters zymosan located on top of the stem or in the axils of the leaves. Calyx.consists of (3) 5 - (6) to varying degrees fused petals, durable, sometimes fully integrated fruit. Corolla of 5, very rarely from 6 - 10 fused petals, discoid to bell-shaped, less tubular- or funnel. Stamens 5 (-8) alternating with gum shares and fused at the base with them; carpophore of two fused multiply leaf top two nest-similar ovary; each nest with one up to numerous anathropic or weakly amphythropic ovules. The bar single; whole stigmas or of 2 share. Fruit strawberry box, usually two nest-similar. Seeds numerous, rarely 2 - 11 with curved or straight, endosperm included in the bud. Insecta polinated plants; propagated by seed, rarely vegetative cuttings. Table for determining the wild and kultivirayi families:
1. Shrubs, more or less covered with spines ........................................................................................................................ Mercan - Lycium L.
1* Subshrubs or herbaceous plants; if they are covered with thorns, then are annual plants ......................................................................………. 2
2 . Blossoms single, rarely of 2 ………....................................................................................................................................................………3
2* Blossoms in inflorescences ………........................................................................................................................................................….. . 8
3. Corolla 5 - 10 cm long. Fruit from 3.5 - 7.0 cm long, usually prickly box ……………...............................…………………..Tatul - Datura L.
3* Corolla 3 - 5 cm long. Fruit dry or juicy strawberry or even box ……….................................................................................................……4
4. Plants with dense glandular hairs. Corolla funnel ................................................................................................. Petunia cone - Petunia Juss.
4* Plants with simple hairs or naked. Corolla with another form. ......................................................................................................................... 5
5. Corolla greenish-white, rarely purple with white, green or purple spots. ............................................................................................................. 6
5* Corolla purple, blue, or greenish violet-brown ................................................................................................................................................. 7
6. Leaves absently fibrous. Fruit 1.2 - 1.8 cm in diameter, including fully involved in the overgrown and swollen bubble, red or orange calyx ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3. Mehunka -Physalis L.
6* Leaves naked. Fruit 5 - 15 cm long and not covered in a calyx ...................................................................................... Pepper - Capsicum L.
7. Annual plant. Calyx divided almost to the base, in matura fruit bubble swollen. Fruit brown.. ………………….. Nicandro - Nicandra Adans.
7* Perennial. Calyx divided to the middle, in mature fruit bubble swollen. Fruit glossy black or yellowish-green ........... 1. Licorice Old - Atropa L.
8. Corolla discoid with short tube. Strawberry fruit ………………....................................................................................................…………. 9
8* Corolla tubular, funnel or bell-shaped. Fruit box. ………………........................................................................................................…….. 10
9. Corolla yellow. Pedicels articulated. Anthers with appendages, opening with a longitudinal slit. Plants without spines .................................................................................................................................................................................. Tomato -Lycopersicon Mill.
9* Corolla white, violet to purple, rarely yellow, but then plant with thorns. Blossom stems rigid. Anthers without appendages and opening at the top by 2 pores less than the transverse fissure ………………………............................................................................... 4. Nightshade - Solarium L.
10. Leaves entire. Corolla tubular or narrow funnel. Box sliting along partition 2 - 4 share ………....................................... Tobacco - Nicotiana L.
10* Leaves shallow cut or jagged. Corolla broadly funnel. Box opens on top with cap ................................................. 2. Plover - Hyoscyamus.L.
From: „Флора на НР България”, том IX, БАН, София, (1989)* * *
The Solanaceae, or nightshades, is an economically important family of flowering plants. The family ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs and trees, and includes a number of important agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but many cultures eat nightshades, in some cases as staple foods. The family belongs to the order Solanales, in the asterid group dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida).[2] The Solanaceae consists of approximately 98 genera and some 2,700 species,[3] with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology.
The name Solanaceae derives from the genus Solanum, "the nightshade plant". The etymology of the Latin word is unclear. The name may come from a perceived resemblance of certain solanaceous flowers to the sun and its rays. At least one species of Solanum is known as the "sunberry". Alternatively, the name could originate from the Latin verb solari, meaning "to soothe", presumably referring to the soothing pharmacological properties of some of the psychoactive species of the family.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaReferences: „Флора на НР България”, том IX, БАН, София, (1989), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:
SPECIES:
Genus Datura L. - Angel's trumpets, Brugmansia
Genus Hyosciamus L. - Henbane, Fetid nightshade, ...
Genus Solanum - Potato Genus
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