Genus Carum L.
Род 556 (32). КИМ — САRUM L.¹
L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 263; Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 127
Fam: Umbelliferae Juss. (Apiaceae}
Genus: Carum L.
English Name: Wild caraway, CarawayDescription: Perennial or biennial herbaceous plants. Stems single or in several, erect or rising, grooved, naked, ordinary or usually branched at the top, covered with very few leaves or almost leafless. Leaves 2 – 4 times feathery-like cut with lance, linear-lance, linear to filamentous terminal shares. Complicated umbrellas with main rays spread out to almost horizontal (in the case of fruits), at the base without a shell or with 4 - 10 leaflets, sometimes bipartite to trlobate. Umbels at the base with 3 - 8 to many bracts or without bracts. Flowers polygamy - bisexual and stamen; the calyx with barely noticeable teeth or without teeth; petals white or pink, rarely reddish or yellowish, rounded back ovoid, cut at the top and in the cut with an inwardly curved share. Fruits oblong-ovate to globose-ovate or conversely ovate-oblong, laterally flattened; mericarpia in cross section pentagonal, rounded or elliptical, with well-defined, most often rounded main ribs; the furrows between the main ribs wide with single large or with 2 - 3 and more small essential oil channels; stylopodium slightly convex, wavy at the end; the styles thin, long, curved downwards, at the top with spherical stigmas; carpophor to the middle or almost to the base bipartite; the endosperm is flat on the inside, without a longitudinal groove.
Table for determination of the species
1 Lower main leaf shares as long as wide ........................................................................................................ 3. - C. graecum Boiss. et Heldr.
1* The lowest main leaf sections at least 2 times longer than the wide ………….............................................................................…………… 2
2 Complex umbels after flowering with obliquely spread main rays. Umbls at the base without bracts or with several 4 times shorter than the longest flower petioles bracts ....................................................................................................................................................... 1. - C. carvi L.
2* Complex umbels after flowering with horizontally spread outermost main rays. The umbels at the base with a shell of 4 - 8 bracts, 2 times shorter than the flower petioles ............................................................................................................ 2. - C. multiflorum (Sibth. Et Sm.) Boiss.
¹ Developed by Yv. Assenov.From: „Флора на Н. Р. България”, том VIII, БАН, София, (1982) * * * * *
Carum is a genus of about 20 species of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate regions of the Old World. The most important species is caraway (C. carvi), the seeds of which are widely used as a culinary spice. In the Mongolian Flora (adjunctive by Urgamal M., 2012) is two species (C. carve L., C. buriaticum Turcz.) belong to the genus Carum L.
Carum bulbocastanum is nowadays placed in Bunium and usually synonymized with Bunium persicum.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:
References: „Флора на Н. Р. България”, том VIII, БАН, София, (1982), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
SPECIES:
Carum carvi L. - Carway, Meridian fennel, Persian cumin
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