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Genus Daucus L.
Род 586 (62). МОРКОВ — DAUCUS L.¹
L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 242; Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 113

Fam: Umbelliferae Juss. (Apiaceae}
Genus: Daucus L.
English Name: Queen Anne's lace and Wild carrot

Description: Annual or rarely biennial plants. Stem erect or ascending, branched from the base or at least in the upper part, with spreading and most often directed downwards hard bristly hairs, rarely almost naked. Leaves 2 to 3 times Feathery-like divided, with entire or cut shares with short bristles, sparse hairs or almost glabrous. Complicated umbels with unequally long main rays, usually strongly compacted in fruits, at the base with a leaflets of feathery-like, less often entire, spreading, directed upwards or curved downwards leaves. Umbels with bisexual flowers, at the base with a shell of entire or on top three-part, rarely feathery-like cut bracts. Calyx usually with well-developed teeth, less often with barely noticeable teeth. Petals white, yellowish or rarely reddish, back broadly ovate, at the apex with a small cut and with an inwardly curved share; the outer ones of the final flowers are often longer than the others. Fruits oblong-elliptical, elliptical to ovate, cylindrical or slightly dorsally flattened; main ribs thin, filamentous, covered with cilia or short broad; secondary ribs with 1 row, most often joined at the base, shorter, equally long or up to 2 - 3 times longer than the width of the mericarp spikes. Secretory ducts 1 below the secondary ribs and 2 on the inside.

Table for determination of the species

1    The spikes located on the secondary ribs of the fruit, more or less joined or vaguely joined together at the base .................... 2
1* The spikes located on the secondary ribs of the fruit, not connected to each other at the base ......................... 3. - D. carota L.
2    The leaflets at the base of the main rays of the complicated umbels are usually longer than them. The fruits are 2 - 4 mm long. The spines on the secondary ribs of the fruit are vaguely connected to each other at the base. The main rays covered with bristles .................................... ........................................................................................................................................................ 2. - D. guttatus Sibth. et Sm.
2* The leaves at the base of the main rays of the complicated umbels are shorter or almost as long as the main rays. The fruits are 4 - 6 mm long. The spikes on the secondary ribs of the fruit connected at the base with each other, forming a wing-like base, the main ones almost bare ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1. - D. broteri Ten.
¹ Developed by Yv. Assenov.

From:   „Флора на Н. Р. България”, том VIII, БАН, София, (1982)

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The plant is said to have obtained its common name from a legend that tells of Queen Anne of England pricking her finger with a drop of blood subsequently landing on the white lace (similar looking to the flower) in which she was sewing. Queen Anne's lace is also frequently called wild carrot, and it is just that.Feb 9, 2017

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Daucus is a worldwide genus of herbaceous plants of the celery family Apiaceae of which the best-known species is the cultivated carrot. Daucus has about 25 species.

Description

Members of Daucus are distinguished within the family Apiaceae by their leaves which are 2–3 pinnatisect with narrow end sections. The genus primarily consists of biennial plants but also includes some annual plants and some perennial herbs. All Daucus have bristly stems. The inflorescences are umbels. The flowers are mostly white, with bracts and bracteoles. The petals may be pure white, reddish, pinkish or yellowish. They are emarginate above and have pointed, wrapped lobules. The petals are often unequal in size, with petals at the outermost edge of the inflorescence often being larger. The fruit is an ovoid to ellipsoidal schizocarp, cylindrical or compressed, with ciliate primary ribs and secondary ribs with a row of hooked spines.[1] Some species have a small pale or white edible taproot, similar to a radish, which may or may not be bitter in taste.

Ecology

Daucus pollination is carried out by insects, primarily: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. It is a cosmopolitan genus with endemic species on most continents as well as on many islands and in isolated areas.[citation needed] The genus centre is in North Africa and Southwest Asia in the Temperate Zone.[citation needed] Prolonged dry or cold weather tends to retard growth in Daucus species, but the genus as a whole is evolutionarily adaptative to these conditions.[citation needed] Some Daucus species accumulate substantial resources in large underground taproots without impeding plant development.[citation needed] Native to Europe is the Carrot, with two subspecies: Wild Carrot and (subsp carota Daucus carota), a cultivated form of carrot, also called garden carrot.
Four members of the Daucus genus were examined to determine differences in isoenzyme patterns and plastid DNA. The four were: Daucus carota subspecies sativus cultivar Danvers, D. carota subsp. gummifer, D. capillifolius, and D. pusillus. Although only one form of HSDH (homoserine dehydrogenase) was present in each Daucus line, the rate of migration of HSDH from cv. Danvers was different from that of the others. Multiple isoenzymic forms of ADH were present in each Daucus cultivar. Comparison of endonuclease restriction fragment patterns from plastid DNAs digested by BamHI revealed only small differences between plastid DNAs of cv. Danvers and subsp. gummifer, whereas large differences were observed between cv. Danvers and D. pusillus plastid DNA patterns. No differences were found between cv. Danvers and D. capillifolius plastid DNA patterns when examined using eight different restriction enzymes. The data indicate that specific isoenzyme and organelle DNA restriction fragment patterns will be useful markers for precise identification of genomes of different Daucus species.[2]

Systematics

The genus comprises about 20 species divided into three sections.[3]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:

References: „Флора на Н. Р. България”, том VIII, БАН, София, (1982), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

SPECIES:

Daucus carota L. - Wild carrot, Bird's nest, Bishop's lace, and Queen Anne's lace

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