Genus Eryngium L.

Род 527 (3). ВЕТРОГОН - ERYNGIUM L.¹
L., Sp. Pl. ed 1 (1753) 232; Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 108

Fam:   Umbelliferae Juss. (Apiaceae}
Genus:   Eryngium L.
English Name: Eryngo, Sea holly

Description:

Perennial, biennial or annual, naked, prickly, herbaceous plants, usually polycarpic, rarely monocarpic. Stems erect, at the top more or less branched, at the base often surrounded by fibrous residues of leaf petioles of the basal leaves of previous years. Leaves usually skin, with strongly convex veins, jagged at the end; basal and the lower ones stems leaves with petioles, upper stems sat down, sometimes enclosing the stem; the leaf blades rounded, ovoid to triangular or lance, entire or to the various degree individually divided into triangular shares. Inflorescences complex cymoses - pleiochasies or dyhazias of compacted heads of numerous blossoms. The bracts at the base of the heads most often with 5 - 7 or more spines. Heads hemispherical, globose, broadly ovate to cylindrical, with lobes, rarely sessile. Bracts usually longer than the flowers, entire or upper tripartite, with pointed, spiny shares. The flowers are bisexual, each sat down in the groove of the bract; sepals lance, ovoid lance to ovate, their median vein at the tip elongated in a strongly tapered styliform thorn or at the apex shortly styliform sharpened, usually longer than the corolla and preserved at the fruit; petals shorter than 4 mm, white or pale blue, incised at the apex with a backward curved middle share; the stylopodium disc-shaped. The styles thin, long, filamentous, with spherical twins. Fruits ovate, ellipsoid to almost spherical, more or less flattened, partly or wholly densely covered with white, tapered flakes; mericarpes in cross section semicircular, flat on the inside, convex outside, with vaguely outlined ribs; channels 5 larger and numerous smaller; carpofor is missing.

Table for determination of the species: 1   Head covering broadly ovate to ovate lance or back ovoid with 3 - 5 (-7) large teeth ending in a spike. Sepals 4 - 5 mm long .......................................................................................................................................................... 1. - E. maritimum L. 1* Head covering from lance linear to linear, entire leaves, entire or with spines on the edge. Sepals shorter than 4 mm ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 2    The leaf blades of the base leaves running down the leaf petiole ........................................…….. * - E. amethystinum L. 2* The leaf blades of the base leaves not extending along the leaf petiole .........................................................……………. 3 3   Bracts lance styliform, entire ..................................................................................…………………. 4. - E. campestre L. 3* Bracts on apex tripartite, with styliform pointed shares ...................................................................................................... 4 4   Basal leaves deep, almost to the base digitate divided into 5 - 7 shares. Inflorescence erect with no more than 10 heads. The plant is green ...................................................................................................................... 3. - E. palmatum Panč, et Vis. 4* Basal leaves entire or to varying degrees tripartite with cut shares. Inflorescence strongly branched, widely spreading and usually with 30 - 100 heads. The plant is bluish ............................................................................ 2. - E. creticum Lam. ¹ Developed by Yv. Assenov. From:    „Флора на Н. Р. България”, VIII, БАН, София, (1982)

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Eryngium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. There are about 250 species.[1] The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the center of diversity in South America.[1] Common names include eryngo and sea holly (though not to be confused with true hollies, of the genus Ilex).
These are annual and perennial herbs with hairless and usually spiny leaves. The dome-shaped umbels of steely blue or white flowers have whorls of spiny basal bracts. Some species are native to rocky and coastal areas, but the majority are grassland plants.[2]
In the language of flowers, they represent admiration.[3]

Uses

Species are grown as ornamental plants in gardens. Numerous hybrids have been selected for garden use, of which E. × oliverianum[4] and E. × tripartitum[5] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Many species of Eryngium have been used as food and medicine. Eryngium campestre is used as a folk medicine in Turkey. In Iran Eryngium (Boghnagh فارسی- بوقناق) is used as herbal tea to lower blood sugar. Eryngium creticum is a herbal remedy for scorpion stings in Jordan. Eryngium elegans is used in Argentina and Eryngium foetidum in Latin America and South-East Asia. Native American peoples used many species for varied purposes. Cultures worldwide have used Eryngium extracts as anti-inflammatory agents. Eryngium yields an essential oil and contains many kinds of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, and steroids.[1]
The roots have been used as vegetables or sweetmeats. Young shoots and leaves are sometimes used as vegetables like asparagus. E. foetidum is used in parts of the Americas and Asia as a culinary herb. It is similar to coriander or cilantro, and is sometimes mistaken for it. It may be called spiny coriander or culantro.[6]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Eryngium

The genus Eryngium is in the family Apiaceae in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants).
Statistics are at the end of the page.

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Eryngium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. There are about 250 species. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the center of diversity in South America. Common names include eryngo and sea holly (though not to be confused with true hollies, of the genus Ilex).
Genus‎: ‎Eryngium; ‎L.
Family‎: ‎Apiaceae
Order‎: ‎Apiales

Eryngium — The Plant List

www.theplantlist.org › browse › Apiaceae › Eryngium

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Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:

References: „Флора на Н. Р. България”, VIII, БАН, София, (1982), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, www.theplantlist.org › browse › Apiaceae › Eryngium

SPECIES:

Eryngium Campestre L. - Field eryngo, Watling street thistle

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