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Genus Fragaria L.
Род 406 (13). ЯГОДА — FRAGARIA L¹
L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 494; Gen. PL ed. 5 (1754) 518.
Fam: Rosaceae Juss.
Genus: Fragaria L.
English Name: Strawberries
Description:

Perennial herbaceous plants with short rhizomes and basal leaf rosette with triple leaves on long petioles and rooting at the top and in the nodes shoots ("въси"), forming new rosettes, flowering stems leafless. Hypanthium more or less flat, with central, ovate or conical, growing after fertilization and becoming fleshy or juicy (false strawberry), falling flower bed. sepals shorter than the inner petals 5, back ovate, white, rarely pink, initially yellowish Stamens usually 10 - 30. Ovaries numerous with laterally located styles Fruits numerous monoecious nuts located in the depressions or on the surface of the growing flower bed.Insect pollinators.They reproduce mainly vegetatively.

Note. The garden strawberries grown in our country are forms of F. moschata Duchesne, as well as hybrids between this species and the large-fruited American species F. childensis Duchesne and F. virginiana Duchesne, known as F. ananassa Duchesne.

Economic significance. Many species are grown in culture with many varieties and hybrids due to their valuable taste both fresh and processed. Rhizomes and shoots contain tannin. The leaves contain 248 - 438 mg% vitamin C and tannins. Fresh fruits contain: sugars - 4.32%, protein - - 1.8%, acids - 1.8%, vitamin C - 16 - 66 mg%. The seeds contain 16 - 20% fatty oil. They are used in folk medicine. They graze on cattle. The leaves of F. vesca L. are used in official medicine.

Table for determinination of the species

1   The leaves below are gray-shiny with abundant silky hairs. Flowering stems in the lower part with spreading, in the upper part
with adjoining hairs. The sepals after flowering cover the fruit .............................................................. 3. — F. viridis Duchesne
1* Leaves below without shiny silky hairs, grayish green. Calyx leaves after flowering spread out or curved backwards .............. 2
2 Flower petioles with close-fitting and upward-facing hairs. The overgrown flower bed completely covered with fruits ................ .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1. - F. vesca L.
2* Flower petioles with outstretched and even curved hairs. The overgrown flower bed narrowed at the neck, the last without fruit ………………...................................................................................................................……….. 2. - F. moschata Duchesne
¹ Developed by M. Markova.

From:   „Флора на НР България”, том V, БАН, София, (1973)

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Fragaria /frəˈɡɛəriə/[1] is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits. There are more than 20 described species and many hybrids and cultivars. The most common strawberries grown commercially are cultivars of the garden strawberry, a hybrid known as Fragaria × ananassa. Strawberries have a taste that varies by cultivar, and ranges from quite sweet to rather tart. Strawberries are an important commercial fruit crop, widely grown in all temperate regions of the world.

Description

Strawberries are not true berries.[2] The fleshy and edible part of the fruit is a receptacle, and the parts that are sometimes mistakenly called "seeds" are achenes.[2][3]

Etymology

The latin name derives from the verb 'fragro, thanks to the great smell of the fruits. Although it is commonly thought that strawberries get their name from straw being used as a mulch in cultivating the plants, the word is possibly derived from "strewn berry" in reference to the runners that "strew" or "stray away" from the base of the plants. David Mikkelson argues that "the word 'strawberry' has been part of the English language for at least a thousand years, well before strawberries were cultivated as garden or farm edibles."[4][5]

Classification

There are more than 20 different Fragaria species worldwide. Numbers of other species have been proposed, some of which are now recognized as subspecies.[6] Key to the classification of strawberry species is recognizing that they vary in the number of chromosomes. There are seven basic types of chromosomes that they all have in common. However, they exhibit different polyploidy. Some species are diploid, having two sets of the seven chromosomes (14 chromosomes total). Others are tetraploid (four sets, 28 chromosomes total), hexaploid (six sets, 42 chromosomes total), octoploid (eight sets, 56 chromosomes total), or decaploid (ten sets, 70 chromosomes total).
As a rough rule (with exceptions), strawberry species with more chromosomes tend to be more robust and produce larger plants with larger berries.[7]

Ecology

A number of species of butterflies and moths feed on strawberry plants: see list of Lepidoptera that feed on strawberry plants.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:

References: „Флора на НР България”, том V, БАН, София, (1973), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

SPECIES:

Fragaria moschata Duchense - Musk strawberry or Hautbois strawberry

Fragaria vesca L. - Wild strawberry, Woodland strawberry, Alpine strawberry, Carpathian strawberry, European strawberry, ....

Fragaria viridis Duchesne - Creamy strawberry

E-mail: krnanev@gmail.com

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