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BGORHIDEI-KN
Fam. ORCHIDACEAE
Genus Gymnadenia R. BR.
Род 199 (10). ГИМНАДЕНИЯ —OYMNADENIA R. BR. R.
Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, V (1813) 191.
Fam: Orchidaceae Lindl.
Genus: Gymnadenia R. BR. R.
English Name: Fragrant orchid
Description:
The tubers are divided as palm. Inflorescence wheatear-like. The small beak of the ginostemium with over forming small fold between small pockets of polonium. With one stamen. The small pockets of polonium without bag at the base.
Table for determining the types
1 Spur 1,5 - 2 times longer than the ovary. Foreign perianth leaflets spread. The blossoms pink or purple (exceptionally white) .............................. ............................................................................................................................................................3. Fragrant orchid - G. conopsea (L.) R. Br.
1* Spur shorter than the ovary. Blossoms white or whitish ................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Bracts with 3 veins. Lip clearly tripartite. Blossoms white or Greenish ............................................….1. Small white orchid - G. albida (L.) Rich.
2* Bracts with a streak. Oral tripartite weak or almost all. Blossoms pink white ............ 2. Frivaldskieva gimnadenia ?- G. frivaldskyana Hampe
„Флора на НР България”, БАН, София, том II, (1964)
They can be found in damp meadows, fens and marshes, and on chalk or limestone, often in alpine regions of Europe and Asia from Portugal to Kamchatka, including China, Japan, Mongolia, Siberia, the Himalayas, Iran, Ukraine, Germany, Scandinavia, Great Britain, etc.[1][2][3] The Fragrant Orchid (Gymnadenia conopsea) has been introduced into the USA and is reportedly naturalized in Connecticut.[4]
These hardy terrestrial orchids are deciduous. They survive the winter through their corms, two deep-cut tubers (more like tuberous roots). Long lanceolate green leaves grow at the bottom of the stem. There are some small leaves at the stop of the stem.
They flower during the summer. The inflorescence is a dense cylindrical spike between 5 and 30 cm long. It can consists of up to 150 small pleasant-smelling flowers. It is recently discovered that eugenol and isoeugenol, floral volatile scent compounds, are catalyzed by single type of enzyme in Gymnadenia species and gene encoding for this enzyme is first functionally characterized gene in this species so far.[5] Their color can vary from pale purple to pink and white. The lip is wide with three lobes. The marginal petals are horizontal. There is a long, thin, threadlike spur.
Several species were formerly classified under Nigritella. The nothogeneric name ×Gymnigritella was used for hybrids between these two groups.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus Gymnadenia R. BR is represented by two species in Bulgaria.
References: „Флора на НР България”, БАН, София, том II, (1964), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:
Species:
Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. - Fragrant orchid
