Genus Lamium L.

Род 687 (26). МЪРТВА КОПРИВА — LAMIUM L.¹

L., Sp. Pl, ed. 1 (1753) 579; Gen. Pl., ed. 5 (1754) 252.

Fam:   Labiatae Juss. (Lamiaceae)
Genus: Lamium L.
English Name: Dead-nettles

Description:

Annual or perennial herbaceous plants. Leaves triangular ovate, rounded ovate to kidney or ovate to long ovate. Blossoms collected from 3 to 16 in dense false vertebrae, located in the bosoms of the upper and middle stem leaves. Bracts are very small or missing. The calyx tubular or bell-shaped with 5 veins and 5 equal or almost equally long, lance, styliform pointed teeth. Corolla white, pink or red, twin; the tube is usually longer than the calyx, most often with a ring of hairs; the upper lip usually incisive helm, entire or incised; the lower lip of 3-shares with a back heart –similar or a broadly back ovate median, and the lateral parts are reduced to small tooth-shaped teeth or almost absent. The stamens hidden beneath the upper lip; the outer ones with longer stems; the anther bags spread out. The ovary at the base with a nectar disc. The nuts are back ovate, sharp three ridges, smooth, top flat.

Table for determination of the species 1   The corolla with deep 2-up upper lip ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 1* The corolla with whole, jagged or slightly incised upper lip ............................................................................................................................... 3 2   Annual plant. Corolla 12 - 25 mm long ……………………...............................................................................................  4. - L. bifidum Cyr. 2* Perennial plant. Corolla 25 - 40 mm long ..........................................................................................................................1. - L. garganicum L. 3   Corolla tube curved at the base ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 3* Corolla tube straight ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 4   Annual plant. The corolla with triangular side shares of the lower lip ..................................................................................... - L. moshatum Mill. 4* Perennials. Corolla with linear or styliform side shares of lower lip .................................................................................................................... 5 5   The side shares of the corolla with 1 tooth. Corolla pink, red, less often. ............................................................................ 2. - L. maculatum L. 5* The side shares of the corolla with 2 to 3 teeth. The corolla white .............................................................................................. 3. - L. album L. 6   Perennial plant. Corolla 25 - 40 mm long  ........................................................................................................................ 1. - L. garganicum L. 6* Annual plants. The corolla 10 - 25 mm long ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 7   Inflorescence leaves encompasses the stem and usually broader, than long ..................................................................... 7. - L. amplexicaule L. 7* Inflorescence leaves are not o encompasses the stem and longer than wide ....................................................................................................... 8 8   Leaves and inflorescence leaves  rounded jagged to rounded, but not cut. .......................................................................... 5. - L. purpureum L. 8* Leaves and inflorescence leaves  cut jagged ...................................................................................................................... 6. - L. hybridum Vill.  ¹ Developed by Iv. Assenov From:  „Флора на Н Р България”, том IX, БАН, София, (1989)

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Lamium (dead-nettles) is a genus of about 40–50 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae,[3] of which it is the type genus. They are all herbaceous plants native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, but several have become very successful weeds of crop fields and are now widely naturalised across much of the temperate world.[2][4][5]

Description

The genus includes both annual and perennial species; they spread by both seeds and stems rooting as they grow along the ground. They have square stems[6] and coarsely textured pairs of leaves, often with striking patterns or variegation. They produce double-lipped flowers in a wide range of colours.[7]
The common name "dead-nettle" refers to the resemblance of Lamium album[8] to the very distantly related stinging nettles, but unlike those, they do not have stinging hairs and so are harmless or apparently "dead".
Several closely related genera were formerly included in Lamium by some botanists, including Galeopsis (hemp-nettles) and Leonurus (motherworts).[citation needed]

Cultivation

Lamium species are widely cultivated as groundcover, and numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use.[7] They are frost hardy and grow well in most soils. Flower colour determines planting season and light requirement: white- and purple-coloured flowered species are planted in spring and prefer full sun. The yellow-flowered ones are planted in fall (autumn) and prefer shade. They often have invasive habits and need plenty of room.

Ecology

Lamium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Angle Shades, Setaceous Hebrew Character and the Coleophora case-bearers C. ballotella, C. lineolea and C. ochripennella.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Lamium

The genus Lamium is in the family Lamiaceae in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants).
Statistics are at the end of the page.

Species in Lamium
Sort the name records using the buttons.

Name	Status	Confidence level	Source
Lamium album L.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium amplexicaule L.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium bifidum Cirillo	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium caucasicum Grossh.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium chinense Benth.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium confertum Fr.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium eriocephalum Benth.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium flexuosum Ten.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium galactophyllum Boiss. & Reut.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium galeobdolon (L.) Crantz	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium garganicum L.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium gilongensis H.W.Li	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium glaberrimum (K.Koch) Taliev	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium × holsaticum Prahl	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium kwangtungense (C.Y.Wu) ined.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium macrodon Boiss. & A.Huet	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium maculatum (L.) L.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium moschatum Mill.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium multifidum L.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium orientale (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) E.H.L.Krause	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium orvala L.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium purpureum L.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium szechuanense (C.Y.Wu) ined.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium taiwanense S.S.Ying	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium tomentosum Willd.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium tschorochense A.P.Khokhr.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium vreemanii A.P.Khokhr.	Accepted		WCSP
Lamium yangsoense (Y.Z.Sun) ined.	Accepted		WCSP

Statistics

The Plant List includes 206 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus Lamium. Of these 28 are accepted species names.
The Plant List includes a further 100 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus Lamium. We do not intend The Plant List to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. These are primarily included because names of species rank are synonyms of accepted infraspecific names.

Species names

The status of the 206 species names for the genus Lamium recorded in The Plant List, are as follows:

	Status	Total
◕	Accepted	28	13.6%
◕	Synonym	169	82.0%
◕	Unplaced	8	3.9%
◕	Unassessed	1	0.5%

All names

The status of the 306 names (including infraspecific names) for the genus Lamium recorded in The Plant List, are as follows:

	Status	Total
◕	Accepted	53	17.3%
◕	Synonym	244	79.7%
◕	Unplaced	8	2.6%
◕	Unassessed	1	0.3%

Of these names,

• 4 are recorded as invalid
• 11 are recorded as illegitimate

The confidence with which the status of the 206 species names recorded in The Plant List for the genus Lamium, are assigned as follows:

	Confidence level	Accepted	Synonym	Unplaced	Unassessed	Total
	High confidence	28	167	0	0	195	94.7%
	Medium confidence	0	2	0	0	2	1.0%
	Low confidence	0	0	8	1	9	4.4%

The source of the species name record found in The Plant List for the genus Lamium, are as follows:

Source of record	Accepted	Synonym	Unplaced	Unassessed	Misapplied	Total
Tropicos	0	2	0	1	0	3	1.5%
WCSP	28	167	8	0	0	203	98.5%

From:  “The Plant List” - www.theplantlist.org/browse/A/Lamiaceae/Lamium/

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References: „Флора на Н Р България”, том IX, БАН, София, (1989), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, “The Plant List” - www.theplantlist.org/browse/A/Lamiaceae/Lamium/

Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:

SPECIES:

Lamium album L. - White nettle or White dead-nettle

Lamium amplexicaule L. - Henbit dead-nettle, Common henbit, or Greater henbit

Lamium galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend et Polatschek - Yellow archangel, Artillery plant, or Aluminium plant

Lamium maculatum L. - Spotted dead-nettle, Spotted henbit and Purple dragon

Lamium purpureum L. - Red dead-nettle, Purple dead-nettle, Red henbit, Purple archangel, or Velikdenche

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