BGFlora.eu

L. Gen. PI. ed. 1 (1737) 270; Gen. PI. ed. 5 (1754) 405.

Inflorescence wheatear-like or cluster. Perianth leaflets spread or collected in a helmet, equally large internal or shorter. Lip at his base with spur, whole or tripartite, goals or hairs, located in the drawing. Ginostemium dull. Stamen one. The small pockets of Polinel at its base joined by a common bag. Two underground tubers.
Economic significance. The underground tubers of all the agents can be used to prepare a drink Orchidaceae, and also in medicine. Secondary they contain the composition of dry matter of 30% of starch, protein 5 - 6%, basorin (mucilage containing Arab and dextrin) 40 - 50%. Orchidaceae tubers are used for the preparation of the glue. Some types contain a glycoside in which hydrolyze coumarin formed, so that such plants drying emit aroma of coumarin.

Table for determining the types

1  All perianth leaflets collected in helmet ............................................................................................................................................................... 2
1* The two outer perianth leaflets spread or rolled back. Three internal collected together ………………….......................................................... 7
2 Oral across the front notched chard, as long as the other notes. Color purple ............................................ 1. Butterfly orchid - O. papilionacea L.
2* Oral tripartite ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
3   Spur horizontal or pointing upwards, cylindrical or slightly swatter-shaped ............. 2. Green-winged orchid or Green-veined orchid - O. morio L.
3* Spur downward ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
4   The middle share of the lip front strongly expanded and deeply incised, sometimes at the bottom of the recess is located short sharp tip .............. 5
4* The middle share of the lip highly extended front, and a deep cut. At the bottom of the recess is located ............................................................. 6
5 Perianth leaflets on top with filamentary for. Inflorescence thick cumulus or oval ............ 5. Round Headed Orchid, or globe orchid - O. globosa L.
5* Perianth leaflets atop its pointed but without filamentary for. Inflorescence extended ............................................... 3. x   x   x - O. coriophora L.
6   Perianth leaflets continued in thin sharp tip. Spur slightly longer than half the length of the ovary. Pale pink blossoms, purple or white ................... ..........................................................................................................................................................6. Three-toothed orchid - O. tridentata Scop.
6*  Perianth leaflets atop its pointed but without sharp tip. Spur 3 - 4 times shorter than the ovary. Whitish blossoms with purple points on the lip  ........................................................................…………………………………………….4. Burnt orchid[3] or Burnt-tip orchid - O. ustulata L.
7 (1*) Bracts small, 3 - 8 times shorter than the ovary, often almost husk-like ....................................................................................................... 8
7*  Bracts no more than two times shorter than the ovary or shorter .................................................................................................................... 10
8   The middle share of the lip divided into two narrow linear smaller shares, often with little linear small awn between them ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7. Monkey orchid – O. simia L.
8* The middle share of the lip divided into two rounded, square or oblong, but never linear  smaller shares, with short small awn or tooth between them ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
9  The shares of the middle share of the lip close lanky, longer than wide, at its tip smoothly rounded, separated at right or obtuse angle. Leaflets of pale pink helmet, outside lighter ........................................................................................................................... 8. Military orchid - O. militaris L.
9* The shares of the middle share of the lip rounded or square, usually as long or slightly shorter than the wide on front, roundish or narrow, jagged, broken acute angle. Sheets helmet dark purple, darker than the lip ................................................................... 9. Lady orchid - O. purpurea Huds.
10  Spur horizontal or curved arc-like upward ……….......................................................................................................................................... 11
10* Spur downward thick cylindrical or conical ……………………................................................................................................................... 15
11  Bracts with one - three simple streaks ………………………………............................................................................................................ 12
11* The lower bracts with a network of veins. All with 3 - 7 veins ........................................................................................................................ 14
12  Spur cylindrical bat like usually longer than the ovary and perianth., usually longer than the ovary and perianth. The blossoms are usually yellow ... ..............................................................................................................................................................12. Provence orchid - O. provincialis Balb.
12* Spur cylindrical, always shorter than the ovary and approximately as long as perianth ..................................................................................... 13
13   The middle share of the lip entire or duple unclear. Spur almost equal in length to the ovary. Pale yellow blossoms ................................................................................................................................................................................ 11. Pale orchid - O. pallens L.
13* The middle share of the lip duple unclear, blossoms red or exceptionally white .. ................... ............... 10. Early purple orchid - O. mascula L.
14   Spur shorter than the ovary. Inflorescence lanky. Cumulus or oval tubers. Blossoms purple ............................................................................ ...................................13. Lax-flowered orchid, ……. Loose-flowered orchid, or Ggreen-winged meadow orchid, marsh orchid - O. laxiflora Lam.
14*  Spur longer than the ovary. Short cylindrical inflorescence. Or cylindrical tubers lanky, atop her drained and often 2 - 3-lobed ........................................................................................................................................................................ 14. Roman orchid - O. romana Seb.
15 Tubers goals, oval or cumulus. Lip single color without painting or the faint dark spots ................................ 15. Shpitzel orchid - A spitzelii Saut.
15* Tubers like palm separated, rarely entire and cylindrical. Lip with a clear picture of the points and curves ...................................................... 16
16  Plants with 4 - 6 leaves, gradually narrowing from the base to the top, all the upright and tapered ......... 16. Early marsh-orchid - O. incarnata L.
16* Leaves lanceolate or oval, widest in the middle of his .................................................................................................................................... 17
17   Lanky or cylindrical tubers on top with 2 - 4 short shares or objectives and drained. Blossoms yellow or copper red. Spur long as the ovary or longer ………………………………………................................................................................... 17. Elder flowered orchid - O. sambucina L
17* Tubers flattened and deeply 3 - 5-lobed. Spur about 2 times shorter than the ovary ..................................................................................... 18
18   Leaves 4 - 6, gradually decreasing from the base of the stem to the tip and usually reaching the inflorescence. Bracts usually longer than the lower blossoms. Hollow stem ……………………….. .................................................................... ... 18. The heart shaped orchid - O. cordigera Fries
18* Leaves 5 - 9 (usually 7), of which the lower 2 - 4 lanky oval or lanceolate, suddenly pass in Stem - narrowly lanceolate and top representing bracts, are remote from the inflorescence. Stem tightly ............................. 19. Heath spotted-orchid[2] or moorland spotted orchid - A maculata L
"Флора на НР България", том II, БАН, София, (1964),

Note:
After forming the second volume of the „Флората” of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, a part of the species of Genus Orchis L. are separated in a new Genus Dactylorhiza Necker ex Nevski, (1937). Main indication is the palm-similar tuber, which determinate the name of the Genus - Marsh orchid. This genus is presented in Bulgaria with 8 species, according to the authors of FLORA BULGARICA:
- Dactylorhiza baumaniana
- Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fries.) Soó
- Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó
- Dactylorhiza kalopsii
- Dactylorhiza pindica
- Dactylorhiza romana (Sib. et Mauri) Soó
- Dactylorhiza saccifera (Brongn.) Soó
- Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó

See also Genus Dactylorhiza Necker ex Nevski, (1937) in present site.

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Orchis is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), occurring mainly in Europe and Northwest Africa, and ranging as far as Tibet, Mongolia, and Xinjiang.[1] The name is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις orchis, meaning "testicle", from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids. Description
These terrestrial orchids have root tubers instead of pseudobulbs. They are extremely diverse in appearance. They produce an erect stem. The inflorescence is a cylindrical to globular spike, 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long, with yellow, red to purple flowers. They start flowering at the base, slowly progressing upwards, except for the Monkey orchid (Orchis simia), which flowers in reverse order.
The original genus Orchis used to contain more than 1,300 names. Since it was polyphyletic, it has been divided by Pridgeon et al., into several new genera (see Reference): Ponerorchis, Schizodium, Steveniella.

Description

These terrestrial orchids have root tubers instead of pseudobulbs. They are extremely diverse in appearance. They produce an erect stem. The inflorescence is a cylindrical to globular spike, 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long, with yellow, red to purple flowers. They start flowering at the base, slowly progressing upwards, except for the Monkey orchid (Orchis simia), which flowers in reverse order.

The original genus Orchis used to contain more than 1,300 names. Since it was polyphyletic, it has been divided by Pridgeon et al., into several new genera (see Reference): Ponerorchis, Schizodium, Steveniella.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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References: "Флора на НР България", том II, БАН, София, (1964), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:

SPECIES:

Orchis Coriophora L. - Bug orchid - Orchis_coriophora_Pryce Buckle

Orchis elegans Heuff. - Elegant orchid

Orchis laxiflora Lam. - Lax-flowered orchid, ...

Orchis mascula (L.) L. - Еarly-purple orchid

Orchis_militaris_L._Pryce_Buckle - Military Orchid

Orchis morio L. - The green-winged orchid - Orchis_morio_L._Price_Buckle

Orchis morio ssp. picta (Lois.) Asch. et Gr. (O. p. Lois) - Small-flowered green-winged orchid

Orchis pallens L. - Pale orchid

Orchis papilionacea L. - Pink butterfly orchid

Orchis purpurea Huds. - Lady orchid - Orchis_purpurea_Huds_Pryce_Buckle

Orchis simia Lam. - Monkey orchid

Orchis_tridentata_Scop._Pryce_Buckle - Toothed Orchid

Orchis ustulata L. - Burnt Tip Orchid - Orchis_ustulata_L._Pryce_Buckle

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