Genus Stachys L.
684 Род (23). ЧИСТЕЦ, ЯЛЕШ — STACHYS L.¹
L. Sp. Pl., ed. 1 (1753) 580; Gen. Pl.., ed. 5 (1754) 253.
Fam: Labiatae Juss. (Lamiaceae)
Genus: Stachys L.
English Name: Hedgenettleр, Heal-all, Self-heal, Woundwort, Betony, and Lamb's earsDescription: Semi bushes, perennial, usually rosary or annual herbaceous plants. Stem upright, to a different degree fibrous or naked. The leaves are elliptical, ovate to narrowly elliptical, at the base heartbeat or narrowed, on the edge rounded or sharp serrated, rarely cirrous cut, opposite; the basic with long stems, the stem leaves with short petiole or sitting down, fibrous or naked. The inflorescence corn-like, loose or dense with spaced more or less convergent vertebrae, with 2 to many blossoms covered by lance, elliptic or heart-shaped leaves. Blossoms with well-developed bracts or bracts are missing. The calyx trumpet or tubular bell-shaped with 5 or 10 veins, with 5 identical teeth, rarely weak two-mouth. The corolla purple, dark red, white or yellow, the style included in the calyx, inside with a ring of hairs; upper lip slightly convex, entire, more or less fibrous, lower lip 3-part with larger middle-share. The stamens two-sided, the outer after flowering curved outward. The stigma 2-sided with upright shares. The walnuts are three-wall, back ovoid. Proterandric, insect-polinating plants; multiplying with seeds, some species with with root cuttings too.
Table for determination of the species
1 The bracts twice shorter or equal to the calyx ................................................................................................................................................. 2
1* The bracts shorter than half of the calyx or missing ......................................................................................................................................... 4
2 The blossoms collected in a top head-like inflorescence, rarely with a distant vertebra ................................................... 18. - S. serbica Pančič
2* The blossoms in multiple, more or less spaced vertebrae ….………………………............................................................................……... 3
3 Corolla yellow to ocher, bracts lance, the vertebrae with 6 to 10 (12) blossoms ………..….................................. 6. - S. obliqua Waldst et Kit.
3* Corolla purple to dark red, bracts lance to linear, vertebrae with more than 12 blossms ................................................ 1-5 group S. germanica
4 Perennial rhizomes .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4* Annual plants with thin roots .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
5 The lower and middle leaves feathery cut with narrow linear shares, the vertebrae with two blossoms ......................... 14. - S. angustifolia M. B.
5* Leaves entire, vertebrae with 3 - 15 blossoms ................................................................................................................................................. 6
6 The blossoms dark red or purple ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
6* The blossoms yellow, pale pink or white .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
7 The blossoms dark red, with white spots; leaves hearty ovoid ................................................................................................ 7. - S. sylvatica L.
7* The blossoms purple; leaves oblong-lance .............................................................................................................................. 8. - S. palustris L.
8 Stem, leaves, and calyx mixed simply and glandularly fibrous; blossoms white or pale yellow ...............................….......................................... 9
8* Plant simply fibrous or only on the calyx with glandular hair; blossoms pale yellow to yellow or pale pink to white ............................................. 10
9 Simple hairs dense, long, heavily spread; calyx 10 - 15 mm long …………………….................................................... 13. - S. plumosa Griseb.
9* The hairs loose, short, sitting down or curly; calyx 7 - 10 mm long …................................................................................. 9 - 12. S. recta group.
10 Stem densely fibrous, in the base with a reddish rhizome; blossoms yellow .................................................................. 15. - S. maritima Gouan.
10* Stem loose fibrous or almost naked ................................................................................................................................ 9 - 12. S. recta group.
11 Crown pale yellow, lower lip 6 - 8 mm long .................................................................................................................... 16. - S. annua (L.) L.
11* Crown intensive yellow, lower lip 12 - 13 mm long ...................................................................................................... 17. - S. milanii Petrovič1 - 5. Group S. Germanica
1 Stem at the top with simple or simple and glandular hair. Vertebrae with more than 12 blossoms. The corolla purple to dark red. Stem in the upper part with simple and glandular hair .......................................................................................................................................................... 1. - S. alpina L.
1* Stem just fibrous .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
2 Leaves at the base more or less narrow, gradually moving into a lamina ..................................................................................... 4. - S. cretica L.
2* The leaves at the base more or less rounded or heart-shaped with a clearly separated petiole from the lamina ..................................................... 3
3 The teeth of the calyx triangularly striking, almost equal to the tube ............................................. 4. - S. cretica L. subsp. cassia (Boiss) Rech. fil.
3* The teeth of the calyx triangular, three or two times shorter than the tube ............................................................................................................ 4
4 The teeth of the calyx without glandular hair ......................................................................................................................... 3. - S. germanica L.
4* Teeth of the cup glandular fibrous ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5 The teeth of the calyx triangular lancet; the bracts and the bract leaves without glandular glandular hair ................................... 3. - S. germanica L.
5* The teeth of the calyx wide triangular at the tip with a short spike; bracts and bract leaves glandular fibrous ......................................................... 6
6 Bract leaves hairy gray fibrous, elongated, basically sober …....................................................................................... 2. - S. tymphaea Hausskn.
6* Hairy, rarely fibrous, green, broad, rhombic oval ................................................................................................................. 5. - S. thracica Day.9 - 12. Group S. Recta
Stems simple or branched, simply or mixed simply and glandularly fibrous or naked. Leaves elliptic, lanceolate to linear, 1 - 8 cm long, 0.5 - 2.0 cm wide. Flower vertebrae with 6 to 15 blossoms, collected in a densely wheatear-like inflorescence, the lower ones distant or the inflorescence loosely. The calyx regular or nearly bilabial 5 - 10 - 13 mm long. Corolla, yellow, pale yellow, white or pale pink, 15 - 20 mm long. The nuts are back ovoid, dark brown.
1 The teeth of the calyx linearly striking, almost equal to the tube; flowers pale yellow to white.................................. 11. - S. atherocalyx S. Koch
1* The teeth of the cup are triangularly lancet, shorter than the tube ....................................................................................................................... 2
2 Corolla yellow ............................................................................................................................................................................ 9. - S. recta L.
2* Corolla pink to white ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
3 The calyx fibrous, the teeth on the top naked ..................................................................................................... 12. - S. arenariaeformis Rouy
3* Calyx nude or with rare hairs ................................................................................................................................... 10. - S. leucoglossa Griseb.¹ Developed by J. Koeva.
From: „Флора на Н Р България”, том IX, БАН, София, (1989) * * *
Stachys is one of the largest genera in the flowering plant family Lamiaceae.[3] Estimates of the number of species in the genus vary from about 300,[3] to about 450.[4] The type species for the genus is Stachys sylvatica.[5] Stachys is in the subfamily Lamioideae.[3] Generic limits and relationships in this subfamily are poorly known.
The distribution of the genus covers Europe, Asia, Africa, Australasia and North America. Common names include hedgenettle,[6] heal-all, self-heal, woundwort, betony, and lamb's ears. Wood betony, Stachys officinalis, was the most important medicinal herb to the Anglo-Saxons of early medieval Great Britain.
The Chinese artichoke (S. affinis), is grown for its edible tuber.[4] Several species are cultivated as ornamentals. Woolly Betony (S. byzantina) is a popular decorative garden plant.
Stachys was named by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum in 1753.[7] The name is derived from the Greek word σταχυς (stachys), meaning "an ear of grain",[8] and refers to the fact that the inflorescence is often a spike. The name woundwort derives from the past use of certain species in herbal medicine for the treatment of wounds.
Stachys species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the moths Coleophora auricella, C. lineolea, and C. wockeella, all recorded on S. officinalis. They are also widely used by the European wool carder bee (Anthidium manicatum), which scrape the hairs from the plant in order to use them for building their nests.[9]Description
Stachys is a genus of shrubs and annual or perennial herbs. The stems vary from 50–300 cm (20–120 in) tall, with simple, opposite, triangular leaves, 1–14 cm (0.4–5.5 in) long with serrate margins. In most species, the leaves are softly hairy. The flowers are 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in) long, clustered in the axils of the leaves on the upper part of the stem. The corolla is 5-lobed with the top lobe forming a 'hood', varying from white to pink, purple, red or pale yellow.
Circumscription
The distinction between Stachys and other genera is unclear and has varied from one author to another. In 2002, a molecular phylogenetic study showed that Stachys officinalis is not closely related to the rest of the genus.[10] This study also found six other genera to be embedded within Stachys as it is currently circumscribed. The embedded genera are Prasium, Phlomidoschema, Sideritis, Haplostachys, Phyllostegia, and Stenogyne.
Fossil record
†Stachys pliocenica fossil seeds are known from Upper Miocene strata of Bulgaria and Pliocene strata of south-eastern Belarus. The fossil seeds are similar to the seeds of Stachys cretica.[11]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia * * *
Stachys
The genus Stachys is in the family Lamiaceae in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants).
From: www.theplantlist.org/browse/A/Lamiaceae/Stachys/ * * *
Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:References: „Флора на Н Р България”, том IX, БАН, София, (1989), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, www.theplantlist.org/browse/A/Lamiaceae/Stachys/
SPECIES:
Stachys alpina L. - Alpin wounderwort, Limestone wounderwort
Stachys germanica L. - German hedgenettle, Downy woundwort
Stachys palustris L. - Marsh woundwort, Marsh hedgenettle, or Hedge-nettle
Stachys sylvatica L. - Hedge woundwort, Whitespot, Hedge nettle
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