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Orchis morio L.

Kleines Knabenkraut

Beschreibung: Pflanze klein, 8 - 30 cm hoch. Laubblätter 6 - 9, am Grunde rosettig gehäuft. Die 4 - 6 Grundblätter sind ungefleckt, werden bereits im Herbst gebildet und überwintern. Sie sind bis zu 14 cm lang und bis zu 2 cm breit. Nach oben folgen 3 - 4 scheidenartige Stengelblätter. Der Blütenstand ist kurz und wenigblütig, er tragt 5 - 25 locker angeordnete Blüten. Die Tragblätter sind so lang wie der Fruchtknoten. Die Blüten sind mittelgroß, die Sepalen und Petalen bilden einen Helm, die Nerven auf der Außenseite sind deutlich grün gefärbt. Die seitlichen Sepalen sind 6 - 8 mm lang. Die Lippe ist mehr oder weniger stark dreigelappt, die Seitenlappen sind großer als der Mittellappen. Die Lippe ist insgesamt 9 - 13 mm breit, die Seitenlappen sind ausgebreitet bis zurückgeschlagen. Die Blütenfarbe ist variabel und reicht von rein weißen Blüten bis zu tief dunkelpurpurn gefärbten Exemplaren. Der hellere Mittelteil der Lippe ist mit dunklen Saftmalen besetzt. Der Sporn ist aufwärts gebogen, 8 - 11 mm lang, etwas kürzer als der Fruchtknoten. Blütezeit: Anfang März bis Ende Mai.
Hohenverbreitung: Von der Küste bis etwa 1800 m.
Standort: Auf schwach saurer bis basischer Bodenunterlage, in Trockenrasen, lichten Wäldern und auf ungedüngten Wiesen.
Naturschutz: In Mitteleuropa in den letzten Jahrzehnten sehr stark zurückgegangen.
Bastarde: Mit O. champagneuxii, coriophora, laxiflora, longicornu, mascula, palustris, papilionacea, tridentata, ustulata, A. pyramidalis, S. lingua, neglecta, vomeraeea subsp. laxiflora und subsp. vomeracea.
Bildnachweis: 1.5.1976, Istrien bei Koper (Nordjugoslawien), H. Baumann.
"Die wildwachsende Orchideen Europas", H. Baumann, S. Künkele, Kosmos, Stuttgart, (1982),

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Orchis morio L.  
Description: Plant small, 8  -30 cm high. Leaves 6 - 9, at the bottom heaped rosettes. The 4 - 6 basal leaves without spots, are formed in the in autumn and winter. They are up to 14 cm long and up to 2 cm wide. Follow up 3 - 4 dagger stem leaves. The inflorescence is short and with few blossoms, he carries 5 - 25 loosely arranged blossoms. The bracts are as long as the ovary. The blossoms are medium sized, the sepals and petals form a helmet, the streaks on the outside are clearly colored green. The lateral sepals are 6 - 8 mm long. The lip is more or less three-lobed, the side shares are greater than the middle lobe. The lip is a total of 9 - 13 mm wide, the side flaps are folded back to spread. The blossom color is variable, ranging from pure white blossoms, up to deep dark purple colored specimens. The brighter central part of the lip is covered with dark juice painting. The spur is bent upward, 8 - 11 mm long, slightly shorter than the ovary.
Flowering time: beginning of March to end of May.
Height Spread: From the coast to about 1800 m altitude.
Habitat: In weakly acidic to basic floor mat, in dry meadows, sparse forests and on unfertilized meadows.
Conservation: In Central Europe in recent decades fallen sharply.
Bastards: With O. champagneuxii, coriophora, laxiflora, longicornu, mascula, palustris, papilionacea, tridentata, ustulata, A. pyramidalis, S. lingua, neglecta, vomeraeea subsp. laxiflora and subsp. vomeracea.
Origin pictures: 1.5.1976, Istria in Koper (Northern Yugoslavia), H. Baumann.
"Die wildwachsende Orchideen Europas", H. Baumann, S. Künkele, Kosmos, Stuttgart, (1982),

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Anacamptis morio, the green-winged orchid or green-veined orchid (synonym Orchis morio) is a flowering plant of the orchid family, Orchidaceae.

It is a native of western Eurasia, ranging from Europe to Iran. In the British Isles it is found in central-southern England, Wales and Ireland. It grows in grassy meadows, especially on limestone-rich soil, reaching a height of 40 cm.
It flowers from late April to June in the British Isles, and as early as February in other countries, such as France. The inflorescence is of various colours, mainly purple but ranging from white, through pink, to deep purple. From 5 to 25 helmet-shaped flowers grow in a loose, linear bunch at the top of the single stalk. The name morio is derived from the Greek word "moros" meaning "fool". This refers to the colorful, green striped flowers. A pair of lateral sepals with prominent green, occasionally purple veins extend laterally like "wings", giving the orchid its name. The broad, three lobed, lower petal is pale in the center with dark spots.
Leaves are lanceolate, or sometimes ovate, and grow in a rosette around the base of the plan, with some thinner leaves clasping the stem and sheathing almost up to the flowers. Leaves are green and unspotted.
It is similar in appearance to the early purple orchid, Orchis mascula, but has green stripes on the two lateral sepals, and lacks the spots or blotches of the Early Purple's leaves.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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632 (2). O. morio L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 940; Hayek Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc. Ill (1933) 385 — Обикновен салеп .

Anacamptis morio, (synonym Orchis morio)

Perennials. Tubers spherical, leaves broadly lanceolate. Inflorescence short, very concise. Bracts lanceolate with many veins and shorter than the ovary. The blossoms raspberry red, rarely pink or white. Side external perianth leaflets short, internal narrower than the other. The lip wider, than long, narrow at the base, front short tripartite, middle share wider than the lateral, usually incised in the middle,  top with dark spots. Spur not longer than ovary, horizontal or tip slightly curved up and expanded.

Volatility

Typical plant (ssp. Morio) features a long 8 - 9 mm inner perianth leaflets, spur shorter than the ovary and its peak barely thickened. In our country is widespread southernmost subspecies ssp. picta (Lois.) Aschers. et Graebn. Syn. Y (1S06) 667; O. pictus Lois. Fl.Gall.ed. 2.11 (1828) 264. With smaller blossms, perianth leaflets long 6 - 7 mm. The middle share of the lip often shorter. Spur gradually curved and peak clear thickened. Inflorescence loose-textured.
var. Skorpili (Vel.) Hayek Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc. Ill (1933) 385; O. Škorpili Vel. Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. XXXVI (1886) 267 It is characterized by gradual fibrous pointed bracts at its peak and tapering to peak perianth  leaflets. Southern Bulgaria.

Economic significance. In folk medicine the root tubers. serve as a remedy for cough and diarrhea. "Флора на НР България", том II, БАН, София, (1964),

Flowering Time: Blooms: IV - V.

References: "Die wildwachsende Orchideen Europas", H. Baumann, S. Künkele, Kosmos, Stuttgart, (1982), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "Флора на НР България", том II, БАН, София, (1964),

Distribution in Bulgaria: In meadows, clearings and rare shrubs almost throughout Bulgaria, mostly in the lowlands and foothills, in some places (Blagoevgrad) occurs over 1000 meters altitude. (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.

Distribution: Central and Southern Europe, including Crimea, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, Armenia, Iran.

Conservation status and threats: not protected species in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Law. Законодателство на Република България: Закон за биологичното разнообразие

Medical plant: yes, it is - http://lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2134916096

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