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Anemone nemorosa L.

1054(1). A. nemorosa L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 541; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc. 1 (1924) 317; Tutin, Fl. Eur. 1 (1964) 218; Exs.: Pl.. Bulg. Exsicc. No 148 — Бяла съсънка

Fam: Ranunculaceae Juss.
Genus: Anemone L.
Species: Anemone nemorosa L.
English Name: Wood anemone, Windflower, Thimbleweed, and Smell fox

Description:

Perennial plant. The rhizome is long, cylindrical, horizontal, yellow or brown, smooth. Flower stems 6 - 30 cm tall, upright, bare or scattered fibrous. The basal leaves are usually single, on long stems, entire or with two partitions, palmate; shares on short stems or sitting down, small or wide ovate elliptical, at base wedge-shaped, deeply-shaped or deeply cut, shares serrated, grassy, green, almost naked or hairy fibrous, especially on the veins and the rim, less frequently evenly fibrous; stem leaves 3, on stems, similar to the basal, but smaller, and the partitions almost seated or seated, more or less distant from the blossoms. Blossoms 2.5 - 4 cm in diameter, single, white, with pinkish tinge outside or rarely pink to purple or blue. The perianth leaflets (5) 6 (7, 8 - 12), 10 - 15 mm long and 8 - 10 mm wide, viscous, elongated ovoid, rounded on the top, gradually thinned in short or long nails, on both sides naked. The stamens are numerous, significantly shorter than the perianth; anthers yellow. The carpels are numerous, short thick fibrous, the style short, curved. The harvested fruit hangs. The walnuts are 4 - 4.5 mm long, ovate, densely fibrous.

1    Leaves more or less too fibrous ...................... f. hirsuta Wierzb. in Reichenb., Icon. Fl. Germ. IV (1840) 17. Western Stara Planina (Petrohan), Vitosha region, Western Rhodopes (Yakoruda).
1    Leaves distracted by fibrous to lofty .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2* The leaf shares narrow, basically wedge-drawn, all they with stems ......................... f. bosiviaca Beck, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien II (1887) 67. Western Stara Planina (Wilya glawa), Rila (village of Raduil), Western Rhododi (Pestera[Cave|, Batak).
2* Leafs broad; basically short wedge-shaped, some sedated .......................................... f. nemorosa. Prebalkan (West), Western and Central Stara Planina, Vitosha region, Znepol region, Western border mountains, Pirin, Rila, Western and Central Rhodopes, Sredna gora (western), Tundzha hill plain (Sakar Square).

Business significance. Poisonous, it contains protoanemonin and saponins. Decorative.

From „Флора на НР България”, том IV, БАН, София, (1970)

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Anemone nemorosa is an early-spring flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to Europe. Common names include wood anemone, windflower, thimbleweed, and smell fox, an allusion to the musky smell of the leaves. It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing 5–15 centimetres (2–6 in) tall.

Biology

The plants start blooming soon after the foliage emerges from the ground. The compound leaves are palmate or ternate (divided into three lobes)[1]:106 and the flowers are solitary, produced on short stems, held above the foliage. They grow from underground root-like stems called rhizomes and the foliage dies back down by mid summer (summer dormant). The rhizomes spread just below the soil surface, forming long spreading clumps that grow quickly, contributing to its rapid spread in woodland conditions, where they often carpet large areas.
The flower is 2 centimetres (0.8 in) diameter, with six or seven (and on rare occasions eight to ten) tepals (petal-like segments) with many stamens. In the wild the flowers are usually white but may be pinkish, lilac or blue, and often have a darker tint on the backs of the tepals. The flowers are pollinated by insects, especially hoverflies.[2] The seeds are achenes.[1]
Grown from seed the plants take around five years to flower.[3]
The yellow wood anemone (Anemone ranunculoides) is a similar plant with slightly smaller, yellow flowers.

Medicinal uses

The plant contains poisonous chemicals that are toxic to animals including humans, but it has also been used as a medicine. All parts of the plant contain protoanemonin, which can cause severe skin and gastrointestinal irritation, bitter taste and burning in the mouth and throat, mouth ulcers, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hematemesis.[4]

Habitat

Common in shady woods.[5]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Flowering Time: Blooms: III - V.

References: „Флора на НР България”, том IV, БАН, София, (1970), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Distribution in Bulgaria: Grow in shady forests and shrubs and damp grassy places. Most often in the communities of Carpinus betulus L., Fagus sylvatica L., Picea excelsa Link. - on the mountains. Balkan, Middle and Western Stara Planina, Vitosha region, Znepol region, Western border mountains, Pirin, Rila, Sredna gora, Zopadni and Sredni Rodopi, Tundzha Hilly Plain (Sakar), 500 to 1800m altitude.
Resilience (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.

Distribution: Europe (excluding southern parts), Southwest Asia, North America.

Conservation status and threats: not protected species in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Law. - Biological Diversity Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/zbran_22.08.15.pdf

Medical plant: yes, it is - Medicinal Plants Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/ZLR_en.pdf

1. 2. 3.

E-mail: krnanev@gmail.com

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