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Cota tinctoria (L.) J. Gay

3130 (4). C. tinctoria (L.) J. Gay in Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2 (1845) 867; Anthemis tinctoria L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 896; DC., Syst. Nat. 6 (1837) 11; Griseb., Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 2 (1846) 280; Boiss., Fl. Or. 3 (1875) 280; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc. 2 (1931) 619; Grierson, Fl. Turkey 5 (1975) 211; R.R. Fernandes, Fl. Eur. 4 (1976) 155; Exs.: PI. Bulg. Exsicc. № 495 - Багрилна кота, багрилно подрумиче

Fam:   Asteraceae (Compositae)
Genus:   Cota J. Gay
Species: Cota tinctoria (L.) J. Gay
English Name: Golden marguerite, Yellow chamomile, or Oxeye chamomile

Description:

Perennial plant. Rhizome short, vertical, brown, with numerous lateral roots. Stems numerous, rarely single, at the top, less often branched from the base or simple, (20) 40 - 60 (90) cm tall, green, gray-green, densely to sparsely simply fibrous to almost glabrous, thin light longitudinally ribbed, leafy to 2/3 of its length. Leaves outlined back lance or back ovate in outline, sessile, densely fitting gray simple fibrous or wooly to glabrous, 1 - 5 cm long and 1.5 - 5 mm wide, simple or deeply divided into 3 - 7 pairs with elongated elliptical, pointedly glochidiate pointed secondary shares, usually folded along their length. Baskets hemispherical, 18 - 45 mm in diameter, single on the tops of stems and twigs on long 5 - 15 (20) cm petioles, when ripening the fruits under the baskets not thickened, flower bed 11 - 20 mm in diameter, hemispherical. The shell at the base is slightly to significantly arched; coat leaves gray-yellow; outer linear ovate to linear triangular, elongated pointed tips, tips and middle veins brownish greenish, light, membranous on the edge; middle and inner linear-ovate, linearly elliptical to linearly lance, along the edge or only at the apex with a narrow brown membranous edge, the middle veins greenish brown, densely simple fibrous to wavy, shortly dotted to almost entire, sometimes long brown ciliate at the apex. Tongue blossoms bright yellow to orange yellow, pale yellow to cream or white; tongues (4) 8 - 10 mm long, rarely missing; tubular numerous, bright yellow, wreath tube at base is not extended. Bracts oblong-lance, gradually drained into an elongated pointed tip, membranous at the edge, slightly longer than the tubular flowers. Fruit seeds back pyramidal, rhombic in cross section, 1.7 - 2 mm long, brown to light brown, with 2 wider weakly winged and 4 - 6 intermediate, obscure edges; crown slightly developed, up to 0.2 mm high, rarely well developed, up to 0.8 mm high, usually shorter than 1/4 of the length of the seed, undivided, membranous cartilaginous, brownish.

Variability

1   The tongue blossoms are creamy or white ............................................................................................................... var. pallida (DC.)
Kuzmanov & Ch. Gussev comb, nov .; Anthemis tinctoria var.pallida DC., Prodr. 6 (1838) 11; A. parnassica var. pallida (DC.) Thin, Phytology 22 (1983) 86. Belasitsa, Strumska dolina (southern), Middle Pirin, Eastern Rhodopes, Strandzha.
1* The tongue blossomrs developed, yellow to orange-yellow or absent ................................................................................................... 2
2   The tongue blossomrs are missing .................................................................................................................................. var. discoidea
(All.) Kuzmanov & Ch. Gussev comb. & stat. nov .; Chamaemelum discoideum All., Auct. Fl. Pedem. 1 (1785) 188; Anthemis discoidea (All.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 3 (1803) 2188; Anthemis tinctoria var. discoidea (All.) DC., 1.e .; A. tinctoria f. discoidea (Willd.) Wahl., Symb. Bot. (1870) 74. Black Sea coast.
2* Linguistic colors developed ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
3   Flower bed 17 - 20 mm in diameter; tongue blossoms orange-yellow; the crown of fruit seeds up to 0.8 mm high var. gaudium-solis (Velen.) Kuzmanov & Ch. Gussev comb. & stat. nov .; A. gaudium-solis Velen., Fl. Bulg. Suppl. 1 (1898) 152; Hayek, op. c. 620; R.R. Fernandes, op. c. 156. Anthemis tinctoria var. gaudium-solis (Velen.) Stoyan., Stef., Fl. Bulg. ed. 1.2 (1925) 1122; Cota tinctoria subsp. gaudium-solis (Velen.) Oberprieler & Greuter, Willdenowia 33 (2003) 41; Cota gaudium-solis (Velen.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9 (1974) 270; Znepol region (Zemen), Rila (Samokov region, Rila monastery), Eastern Rhodopes (Momchilgrad region), Thracian lowland (Haskovo, Harmanli region, Stara Zagora region).
3* Color bed 11 - 16 mm in diameter; tongue blossms yellow; the crown of the fruit seeds is usually 0.2 mm high ....................................... .................................................................................................................................................... var. tinctoria Distributed within the species.

Note.
1. The given intraspecific taxa in C. tinctoria are an attempt to express a major part of the species variability in our country.
2. The forms united in C. tinctoria var. gaudium-solis have the best developed crown of the fruit seeds, and in places in Rila show closeness to C. sancti-johanis - it is possible that this is a hybrid effect.
3. Cota austriaca (Jacq.) Sch. Beep. (Anthemis austriaca Jacq.) X Cota tinctoria (L.) J. Gay (Anthemis tinctoria L.) is indicated for Razgrad region (Stoyan, et al. 1967).

L e c t o t y p u s (hic designatus). Anthemis gaudium-solis Velen. In apricis ad Skobelevo. Leg. Stribrny. VIII. 1897, det. J. Velenovsky (SOM - 78558!).

General distribution. Europe (excluding most of Western and Northern Europe), Southwest Asia, Caucasus.

From:    „Флора на Република България”, том XI, БАН, Академично издателство „Проф. Марин Дринов”, София, (2013)

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Cota tinctoria, the golden marguerite, yellow chamomile, or oxeye chamomile, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the sunflower family. Other common names include dyer's chamomile, Boston daisy, and Paris daisy. In horticulture this plant is still widely referred to by its synonym Anthemis tinctoria.[2]
It is a short-lived plant often treated as biennial, native to Europe, the Mediterranean and Western Asia and naturalized in scattered locations in North America.[3][4] It has aromatic, bright green, feathery foliage. The serrate leaves are bi-pinnatifid (= finely divided) and downy beneath. It grows to a height of 60 cm (24 in).[5]
It has yellow daisy-like terminal flower heads on long thin angular stems, blooming in profusion during the summer.[5]
It has no culinary or commercial uses and only limited medicinal uses. However, it produces excellent yellow, buff and golden-orange dyes, used in the past for fabrics.[6]
Cota tinctoria is grown in gardens for its bright attractive flowers and fine lacy foliage; there is a white-flowering form. The popular seed-raised cultivar 'Kelwayi' has 5 cm wide, yellow flowers on 65 cm plants. ‘E.C. Buxton’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[7]

Subspecies

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Flowering Time: Blooms: V - IX, fruitful: VI - X.

Distribution in Bulgaria: Growing in grassy, bushy, sandy stony places, in the plains and mountains. Widespread, from sea level to 1200 (1800) m above sea level. (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.

Distribution: Europe (excluding most of Western and Northern Europe), Southwest Asia, Caucasus.

Conservation status and threats: not protected species in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Law. - Biological Diversity Act -    http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/zbran_22.08.15.pdf

Medical plant: yes, it is - Medicinal Plants Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/ZLR_en.pdf

References: „Флора на Република България”, том XI, БАН, Академично издателство „Проф. Марин Дринов”, София, (2013), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1. 2. 3. 4.

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