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Epilobium montanum L.
2130 (5). Е. montanum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 348; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc. I (1926) 94; Hegi, 111. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. V, 2 (1926) 827; Raven, Fl. Eur. II (1968) 310 — Планинска върбовка

Fam: Onagraceae Juss.
Genus: Epilobium L.
Species: Epilobium montanum L.
English Name: Broad-leaved willowherb

Description:

Perennial plant. Rhizome short, curved at the end of flowering with underground, up to 3 cm long shoots, equipped with fleshy brownish scales, developing above-ground overwintering rosettes. Stem cylindrical, without longitudinal lines, rarely at the bottom with 2 strips of short hairs, erect or arcuate ascending, 10 - 70 (-80) cm high, just slightly branched or from the base with many branches, pale green, short curly fluffy, the upper part and the inflorescence with scattered or denser glandular hairs (after flowering the tip is bent). Leaves thin, opposite, sometimes upper consecutive, rarely 3 in vertebrae, spreading or erect; medium ovate or ovate-lance, 2 - 8 (10) cm long and 1 - 3 (4) cm wide, rounded at the base, slightly heart-shaped or broadly wedge-shaped, pointed at the apex; upper and bracts narrower elliptically lance, narrowed at the base, unevenly densely serrated at the end or cut serratedly sawn; on short petioless almost sessile, grassy or dark green above, matte, pale green below, on the whole surface above and below the veins gently short fibrous or almost naked. Flower buds ovate to elliptical, short pointed at the apex, gently scattered short fluffy; flowers single, axillary. The hypanthium is 1 - 2 mm long. Sepals elongated lance, acute, with a slight vein, 3.5 - 4.0 mm long. Petals back heart-shaped, sharply cut at the apex, elongated narrowed at the base, violet-pink, with 5 - 6 darker veins, 5 - 10 (-12) mm long, about 1/3 to twice as long as calyx shares. Stigma deep, 4-lobed, the lobes usually elongated, 1.5 mm long, narrowed at the base, initially upright spread, after curved backwards, gently fluffy. The box is 3 - 9 cm long, about 1.5 mm wide, fluffy, young with spreading glandular hairs; the petiole 1 - 2 cm long, fluffy. Seeds gray or brown, back ovoid, rounded at the apex, barely thin at the base, obtuse, about 1 mm long, with dense elongated warts.

Volability

1    Leaves 3 in vertebra ................... f. verticillatum (Koch) Hausskn., Mon. Epil. (1884) 75; E. montanum β verticillatum Koch, Syn. ed, 1 (1853) 240. Vitosha district (Vitosha). It is mentioned for Stara Planina (Ribaritsa) (Baev, 1947).
1* Leaves opposite .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
2    Low plant, 8 - 12 (-15) cm high, with a simple stem. Leaves up to 3 cm long and 15 mm wide .................................... f. nanum Gillot ex Hegi op. c. 828; E. montanum f. minor Hausskn., op. c. 74. Middle Stara Planina (Buzludzha)
2* Higher than 20 cm plants, leaves larger ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
3    Leaves at the base almost or broadly heart-shaped, with short petioles, almost sessile, 0.5 - 2.0 mm long, hardened ..................... f. subcordatum Hausskn., op. c. 75. Sredna Stara planina, Vitosh region, Rila, Sredna gora (Western), Rhodopes
3* Leaves at the base broadly wedge-shaped to rounded, on petioles 2 - 3 (-6) mm long ........................................ 4
4   Stem with a broken tip, many branches protruding from the lower part, sloping outwards ............................. f. putatum Hausskn., op. c. 75. Western border mountains, Pirin
4* Stem simple or branched, with small and short twigs located in its upper part ..................................................... 5
5   Leaves deflected, spreading to bent, light green, soft, large, almost without or with very sparse hairs, mainly on the veins. Stem simple or branched, light green ……………… f. montanum; E. montanum f. utnbrosum Hausskn., op. c. 74. Widespread
5* Leaves erect, bluish green, hard, smaller, more clearly fibrous. Stem simple, gray-green, reddish ................................ f. glaucescens Hausskn., op. pp. 75; Hegi, op. c. 829. Vitosha district (Vitosha)

E. montanum x roseum; x E.mutabile Boiss. et Reut., Diagn. Pl. Or. Nov. ser.2, II (1856) 54; E. heterocaulon Borb., Österr. Bot. Time. XXIV (1876) 424
Like E. montanum, the stem is cylindrical, short, curly, fibrous, without longitudinal lines. The twin is shallow, 4-part. Like E. roseum leaves ovate-lance, wedge-shaped narrowed into a clear petiole. Inflorescence and fruits densely fluffy glandular. Stara Planina (Etropole region).
From:     „Флора на Н. Р. България”, том VII, БАН, София, (1079)

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Epilobium montanum or Broad-leaved Willowherb[1] is a species of willowherb.

Description

This species grows to 60 cm high. The leaves are hairless and serrate and ovate-lanceolate. They are mostly positioned opposite and have short stalks. The flowers are pale mauve and about 8 mm across with a 4-lobed stigma in terminal racemes.[2][3]

Distribution

Common throughout area around Belfast in Northern Ireland and all of Ireland[4][5] as well as the whole of the British Isles and most of Europe. It is also present in central and eastern Asia and has been introduced in North America, Japan and New Zealand. [6]

Ecology

It is typically found on disturbed ground, base-rich soils, in hedges and as a garden weed.[3]

Medicine

Epilobium montanum herb has been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea for treatment of disorders of the prostate, kidneys, and urinary tract. A review of studies of the use of extracts from Epolobium species indicated that there was some evidence for traditional uses with digestive disorders. The extracts contained mixtures of flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins, with the tannin oenothein B possibly a major contributor to biological activity. There was not sufficient evidence of efficacy in prostate disorders.[7]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Flowering Time: Blooms: VI - IX

Distribution in Bulgaria: Growing in groups or singly in moist shady, mainly beech, pine spruce and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests; in their bushes, on their edges and in their clearings, in pine crops, along forest streams and roads, on silicate and calcareous terrain; less often in the open on forest stony streams, in the foothills and mountain belt. Widespread, up to 1500 m altitude. (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.

Distribution: Europe (north to Finland, the Scandinavian countries, Denmark and Iceland), the Mediterranean, Southwest Asia (Iran).

Conservation status and threats: not protected species in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Law. - Biological Diversity Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/zbran_22.08.15.pdf

Medical plant: it is not - Medicinal Plants Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/ZLR_en.pdf

References: „Флора на Н. Р. България”, том VII, БАН, София, (1079), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

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