Family Amaryllidaceae Lindl.
Сем. XXVIII. КОКИЧЕВИ — AMARYLLIDACEAE LINDL.¹
Fam: Amaryllidaceae Lindl.
English Name: Amaryllis familyDescription: Perennial smaller or larger herbaceous plants with different appearance, the underground part of which is most often a bulb, a rare rhizome. Leaves usually linear and flat, rarely broader lance or heart-shaped or similar to a chute, some thick and fleshy, sessile, rarely with petioles, sometimes arranged in a rosette. The flowers are more often clustered in with inflorescences with many or few blossoms or other inflorescences, but there are also with only one blossom ones. The flowers are arranged in type 3, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, the perianth 3 in two circles, whether or not enlarged, identical (outer and inner) or not. Stamens 6, in two rounds (very rarely up to 18 or only 3, but then the other 3 turned into staminodes). The anther nests are longitudinally cracked or the pollen grains protrude through the apertures. The carpophore formed by 3 carpels, with the basal, very infrequently semi lower ovary, which is usually fully triangular, with central placentation and many seedlings arranged in two rows for each nest. The fruit is cracked by 3 stitches, rarely berry. Seeds anatropic, of varying size and surface, with a germ covered by secondary nutrient tissue. Most species of the family are entomophilic, most are protandernd plants.
Tabble for determination of the genera
1 Blossoms large, with a very long perianth tube, with an opening shorter or longer, entire, or 6-lobed crown. Outside the crown there are 6 identical upper perianth shares ………..........................................................…….... 2
1* Blossoms relatively small, without perianth tube and without crown. Perianth shares equal or unequal to each other ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2 The ingrown part of the perianth is funnel-shaped. The crown consists of 6 bipartite leaves. Stamens attached to the base of the crown …………………….................................................................…..………... 4. - Pancratium L.
2* The ingrown part of the perianth is tubular. Crown entire (shorter or longer). Stamens attached inside the perianth tube ........................................................................................................................................................ - Narcissus L.
3 The blossoms hang. Perianth white, bell-shaped, without tube, the tepals attached to the base of the perianth petals ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
3* The blossoms upright. Perianth yellow, at the base with a long tube. Stamens attached at the top of the tube .................................................................................................................................................. 3. - Sternbergia W.K.
4 Perianth leaflets uniform, with a greenish or yellowish spot on top ............................................ 2. - Leucojum L.
4* The outer 3 perianth leaflets are white, relatively large, and the inner 3 almost twice shorter, elongated back heart-shaped, on top with a green spot ............................................................................................ 1. - Galanthtus L.
¹. Developed by D. Yordanov.From: „Флора на Н. Р. България”, том II, БАН, София, (1964)
* * * The amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae) contains 73 genera and at least 1,600 species distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Members of the family characteristically feature bulbs or underground stems and straplike leaves. The attractive flowers generally have three or six petals and bear dry capsules or fleshy berry fruits. A number of species are grown as garden ornamentals, and several are important food crops. The following is a list of some of the major genera and species in Amaryllidaceae, arranged by subfamily.
The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus Amaryllis and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as tepals, which may be fused at the base into a floral tube. Some also display a corona. Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the onion subfamily (Allioideae).
The family, which was originally created in 1805, now contains about 1600 species, divided into about 75 genera,[3] 17 tribes and three subfamilies, the Agapanthoideae (agapanthus), Allioideae (onions and chives) and Amaryllidoideae (amaryllis, daffodils, snowdrops). Over time, it has seen much reorganisation and at various times was combined with the related Liliaceae. Since 2009, a very broad view has prevailed based on phylogenetics, and including a number of other former families.
The family is found in tropical to subtropical areas of the world and includes many ornamental garden plants and vegetables.Description
The Amaryllidaceae are mainly terrestrial (rarely aquatic) flowering plants that are herbaceous or succulent geophytes (occasionally epiphytes) that are perennial, with the exception of four species. Most genera grow from bulbs, but a few such as Agapanthus, Clivia and Scadoxus develop from rhizomes (underground stems).[4]
The Allioideae produce allyl sulfide compounds which give them their characteristic smell.[5][6]
The leaves are simple rather fleshy and two-ranked with parallel veins. Leaf shape may be linear, strap like, oblong, elliptic, lanceolate (lance shaped) or filiform (threadlike). The leaves which are either grouped at the base or arranged alternatively on the stem may be sessile or petiolate and possess a meristem.
The flowers, which are hermaphroditic (bisexual), are actinomorphic (radially symmetrical), rarely zygomorphic, pedicellate or sessile, and are typically arranged in umbels at the apex of leafless flowering stems, or scapes and associated with a filiform (thread like) bract. The perianth (perigonium) consists of six undifferentiated tepals arranged in two whorls of three. The tepals are similar in shape and size, and may be free from each other or fused at the base (connate) to form a floral tube (hypanthium). In some genera, such as Narcissus, this may be surmounted by cup or trumpet shaped projection, the corona (paraperigonium or false corolla). This may be reduced to a mere disc in some species.
The position of the ovary varies by subfamily, the Agapanthoideae and Allioideae have superior ovaries, while the Amaryllidoideae have inferior ovaries. The six stamens are arranged in two whorls of three, occasionally more as in Gethyllis (Amaryllidoideae, 9–18).
The fruit is dry and capsule-shaped, or fleshy and berry-like.From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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List of plants in the family Amaryllidaceae
Written By:
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* Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:References: „Флора на Н. Р. България”, том II, БАН, София, (1964), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
GENERA:
Genus Galanthus L. - Snowdrop
Genus Leucojum L. - Snowbell, Dewdrop, and St. Agnes' flower
Genus Narcissus L. - Daffodil, Narcissus, Jonquil
Genus Pancratium EN.htm - No common English name found
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