Family Lythraceae J. St. Hill.
Сем. LXXXIX БЛАТИЕВИ — LYTHRACEAE J. ST. HILL.¹
Fam: Lythraceae J. St. Hill.
English Name: Loosestrife familyDescription:
Annual or perennial herbaceous plants (Bulgarian representatives), rarely shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, entire, opposite or vertebrate, rarely cosuccessive. Flowers normal or sometimes irregular, bisexual, located in the axils of the upper and middle leaves 1 - 2 or more in dichases or in axillary and upper wheat-shaped or wheat-shaped paniculate inflorescences composed of dichases. The flower bed has grown into a tubular or bell-shaped hypanthium, preserved in the fruit. Perianth usually double. Calyx non-descending, composed of 3 to 6 relatively wide triangular teeth, alternating with the same number of narrower teeth (appendages), forming a calyx. Petals 3 - 6 or 6 - 12, rarely more, deciduous or undeveloped; stamens 2 - 12 and many (up to 200) attached to the walls of the hypanthium; the ovary usually of 2 carpels, with 2 - 6-nested or obscurely 2 - 4-nested (up to its middle 2 - 4-nested, upwards entire, single-nested) upper ovary, the placenta of the style and numerous seed buds; the stigma globular, located on a well-developed style or sat down, preserved, as well as the cstyle at the fetus. Fruit box, most often spherical or cylindrical, multi-seeded, membranous, leathery or herbaceous, covered entirely or to some extent by a hypanthium, cracking at its apex into two halves (often each with 3 teeth), opening with 4 teeth or and incorrectly torn. The seeds are small, wedge-shaped ovoid, angularly ovoid, obscurely three-walled, etc. Insect-pollinated plants; in addition to seeds, some species reproduce vegetatively (through parts of the stem, etc.).
In the fossil state are found Decodon globosus (Reid) Nikit species have been identified in fossil status. (Baldevo, Blagoevgrad - Pliocene) and Diclidocarya menzelii Reid. (Razlog and Baldevo, Blagoevgrad - Pliocene).
Table for determining of the the genera
1 Shrub with pink flowers. Petals with a long linear claw and a rounded, curly-folded and irregularly toothed petiole. Stamens
36 - 42 .................................................................................................................................................... Lagerstroemia L.
1* Herbaceous plants. Petals without linear claw. Stamens 2 - 12 ......................................................................................... 2
2 Hypanthus tubular or tubular-bell-shaped, at least 3 times longer than wide. Petals longer than calyx teeth, clearly visible ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4. - Lyjhrum L.
2* Hypanthium bell-shaped, broadly bell-shaped or hemispherical, at most 2 times longer than wide. Petals not longer than
calyx teeth, difficult to notice or missing ................................................................................................................................. 3
3 The flowers collected in (1) 3 - 7 in the axils of the leaves. The calyx of 4 teeth and 4 appendages (sometimes without
appendages) ................................................................................................................................................. 1. - Ammania L.
3* The flowers 1 (2) in the axils of the leaves. The calyx of 6 teeth and 6 appendages (sometimes undeveloped) ..................... 4
4 The leaves are sat down. The lower ones are opposite, the upper ones are successive. The box opens with 4 teeth on top.
Short fibrous plants (at least at the top) ............................................................................................ 3. - Middendorfia Trautv
4* Leaves with (1) 2 - 4 mm long petioles, all opposite or sucessive. The box is wrong cracking. Bare plants ........... 2. Peplis L
¹Developed by D. Delipavlov.From: „Флора на Н Р България”, том VII, Изд. на Б А Н, София, (1979) * * * * *
Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants, including 32 genera with about 620 species of herbs, shrubs and trees.[2] The larger genera include Cuphea (275 spp.), Lagerstroemia (56), Nesaea (50), Rotala (45), and Lythrum (35).[3] It also includes the pomegranate (Punica granatum, formerly in Punicaceae) and the water caltrop (Trapa natans, formerly in Trapaceae). Lythraceae has a worldwide distribution, with most species in the tropics, but ranging into temperate climate regions as well.
The family is named after the type genus, Lythrum, the loosestrifes (e.g. Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife) and also includes henna (Lawsonia inermis). It now includes the pomegranate, formerly classed in a separate family Punicaceae. The family also includes the widely cultivated crape myrtle trees. Botanically, the leaves are usually in pairs (opposite), and the flower petals emerge from the rim of the calyx tube. The petals often appear crumpled.Characteristics
Lythraceae species are most often herbs, and less often shrubs or trees; the shrubs and trees often have flaky bark.[4] Traits shared by species within the Lythraceae that distinguish them from belonging to other plant families are the petals being crumpled in the bud and the many-layered outer integument of the seed.[3]
Leaves
The leaves generally have an opposite arrangement, but sometimes are whorled or alternate. They are simple with smooth margins and pinnate venation.[3] Stipules are typically reduced, appearing as a row of minute hairs,[3] or absent.[4]
Flowers
The flowers are bisexual, radially or occasionally bilaterally symmetric, with a well-developed hypanthium. The flowers are most commonly four-merous but can be six-merous, with four to eight sepals and petals. The sepals may be distinct, partially fused to form a tube, or touching without overlapping. The petals are crumpled in the bud and wrinkled at maturity, and are typically distinct and overlapping; they are occasionally absent.[3] There are usually twice as many stamens as petals, arranged in two whorls, and the stamens are often unequal in length. Occasionally, the stamens are reduced to one whorl, or are more numerous with multiple whorls.[2] The ovary is typically superior, infrequently semi-inferior,[5] or rarely inferior. The two to many carpels can be fused together (syncarpous), with two to numerous ovules in each locule, with axile placentation of the ovules.[3]
Heterostyly – the presence of two (distylous) or three (tristylous) distinct flower morphs within a species differing in the lengths of the pistil and stamens – is common within the Lythraceae.[3]Fruits and seeds
The fruit is usually a dry, dehiscent capsule, occasionally a berry. The seeds are usually flattened and/or winged, with a many-layered outer integument.[3] Epidermal hairs that expand and become mucilaginous when wet are found in about half the genera.[2]
Distribution
Lythraceae is widely distributed, but with most species tropical and some temperate.[2][3] They are absent from the Sahara and most arid regions of Australia.[2] Many species occur in aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats (Decodon, Didiplis, Rotala, Sonneratia, Trapa).[3][4]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
* * * * *
Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:
References: „Флора на Н Р България”, том VII, Изд. на Б А Н, София, (1979), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
GENERA:
Genus Lythrum L. - Loosestrife
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