Genus Achillea L.
Род 779 (28). РАВНЕЦ - ACHILLEA L.¹
L., Sp. PL ed. 1 (1753) 896; Gen. PL ed. 5 (1754) 382; Greuter, Med-Checklist, 2, (2008) 2Fam: Asteraceae (Compositae)
Genus: Achillea L.
English Name: YarrowsDescription: Perennial herbaceous plants, usually developing rhizomes, often more or less fibrous. Stems single to numerous, erect, rarely ascending or recumbent. Leaves consecutive, herbaceous, entire, simple or double to quadrupole feathery divided, on petioles or sessile. Baskets heterogamous, rarely homogemous, back ovoid, small, most often with a small number of flowers, collected by many in apical thyroid complex inflorescences or hemispherical, large, single at the tips of stems and twigs, with many flowers to up to few, usually on short, less often elongated petioles. Enveloping leaflets in several rows, slightly unequal, in part tiled overlapping, more or less membranous at the edge; the outer ones shorter and narrower than the middle and inner ones. Flower bed convex, hemispherical to conical, rarely flat, with lance or oblong hemi membranous, deciduous bracts. Flowers uniformly or unevenly colored; external tongue, female, white, pink, reddish or yellow; tongues at the tip 3-teeth, usually spreading, rarely short, erect; inner flowers bisexual, tubular, yellow or pink, the wreath at the tip 5-toothed, partly flattened along the length, narrowly tubular at the base, elongated, rarely dilated, covering the tip of the fruit seed. Anthers linear, basically without appendages. The style with linear, thin shares. Fruits uniform, oblong-wedge-shaped to oblong-ovate or oblong, gray-brown, truncated at the apex, more or less winged at the edge, almost flattened, without secretory or mucous cells. The kite is missing. Insect-pollinated plants; propagated by seeds and rhizome shoots.
Economic significance. The above-ground parts of most species contain essential oil with the main ingredients chamazulene, terpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, tannins. The species from the group of A. millefolium are recommended for liver diseases, as well as for inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. The drug and its products have a hemostatic and anti-inflammatory effect. A. crithmifolia and A. clypeolata are also used in folk medicine (Petkov, ed. 1982; Nikolov, ed., 2006)
Table for Determination of the Species
1 Thick white woolly plants; baskets homogeneous, spherical; flowers tubular, bisexual; wreath tube at the base strongly dilated, with ear-shaped extensions ……………….…………........................................................................………… 1. - A. maritima (L.) Ehrend. & Y.-P. Guo
1* More or less fibrous plants; baskets heterogamous, flowers bisexual and unisexual; the tongue tube at the base is not dilated, without extensions .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
2 The tongue flowers are white, pink or purple-reddish or pale yellow below the white; tubular yellow ....................................................... 3
2* The tongue flowers on both sides yellow (golden yellow, intense to pale yellow); tubular yellow or small to almost undeveloped ............. 11
3 Baskets big, 12 - 18 mm in diameter, single at the top of the stem or 2 - 6 in apical complex inflorescences .............................................. ................................................................................................................................................. 2. - A. ageratifolia (Sm.) Benth. & Hook. f.
3* Baskets small, 4 - 10 mm in diameter, 15 - 100 (200) in more or less compact apical complex inflorescences, rarely 10 - 15 mm in diameter but then 10 - 30 in apical inflorescences ................................................................................................................................................................... 4
4 Leaves entire, along the edge shallowly sprayed …….....................................................................…...... 4. - A lingulata Waldst. & Kit.
4* Leaves just to triple feathery ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
5 Middle stem leaves 2 - 6.5 cm wide; the tongue flowers on top are white .............................................................................................. 6
5* The middle stem leaves are 0.4 - 2.5 (3) cm wide (for leaves over 2 cm wide, the tongues of the tongue flowers are pale yellow on top) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
6 The middle stem leaves are 2 - 3 (4) cm wide, their parts close together, equally green on both sides; middle wrapping leaflets along the entire edge brown ......................................................................................................... ................................................ 16 - 21. Group A. millefolium
6* The middle stem leaves (4) 5 - 6.5 cm wide, their parts spaced, darker green above; middle envelopes mostly in the upper half along the edge brown ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11. - A. grandifolia Friv.
7 Baskets of 2 - 10 on the tops of the branches and stem; shell 5 - 7 mm wide ………………....................... 3. - A. multifida (DC.) Boiss.
7* Baskets by groups (30) 50 - 100 (200) on the tops of the branches and the stem; shell (1,5) 2 - 4 (5) mm wide ...............……………… 8
8 The tongues of tongue flowers pale yellow above, white below ................................................................................................................ 9
8* The tongues of the lingual colors on both sides are white ........................................................................................................................ 10
9 Integumentary leaves glabrous, glossy or sparsely fibrous; leaf axis entire ……………........................ 10. - A crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit.
9* Integumentary leaves diluted to densely fibrous or woolly; leaf axis usually serrated ……. .................................. 14 - 15. Group A. nobilis
10 Leaf shares more or less in one plane, leaves flat; middle stems in outline ovoid oblong to broadly ovate ............. 14 - 15. Group A nobilis
10* Leaf shares more or less in several planes, the leaves folded along the midrib; middle stems in outline oblong elliptical to linearly elongated ........................................................................................................................................................................ 16 - 21. Group A millefolium
11(2*) Baskets according to (3) 5 - 10 in a complex inflorescence ..................................................................... 13. - A. leptophylla M. Bieb.
11* Baskets on (15) 30 - 100 (200) in a complex inflorescence ............................................... 12
12 Middle stem leaves crested to crested endowed; baskets of 15 - 50 (80) in a complex inflorescence ...................................................... 13
12* The middle stem leaves are simply triple-pinnate, not crested to crested endowed; baskets of 30 -100 (200) in a complex inflorescence ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
13 Leaves crested cut to crested endowed; inflorescences 2.5-4 (6) cm wide; tabs pale yellow to almost white ....... 5. - A. ochroleuca Ehrh.
13* Leaves crested, rarely the lower part of the leaf entire; inflorescences 2 - 2.5 (3) cm wide; yellow tongues .................................................. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6. - A. pseudopectinata Janka
14 Middle stem leaves abundantly glandular points, short bristly to scattered fibrous ……............................................. 7. - A. thracicaVelen.
14* Middle stem leaves without glands or diffusely glabrous; more or less fibrous to wavy ..................................………………………….. 15
15 Tongues of tongue flowers golden yellow …………..........................................................................……….... 12. - A. chrysocoma Friv.
15* Tongues of tongue flowers yellow to pale yellow, rarely to whitish …………........................................................................…………. 16
16 Middle stem leaves up to 2 times longer than the internodes; basal leaves with 20 - 25 pairs of shares .........……… 8. - A. clypeolata Sm.
16* Middle stem leaves shorter to equal to the internodes; basal leaves with 10 - 15 pairs of shares .................……………………………. 17
17 Tongues pale yellow above, white below, up to 2 times shorter than the shell; leaves evenly fibrous, with easily distinguishable sharets …………........................................................................................................................................…….. 10. - A crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit.
17* The tongues on both sides are intensely yellow, 3 - 5 times shorter than the shell or underdeveloped, or absent; leaves with dense long fit hairs, leaf shares under the hairs difficult to distinguish ………….........................………………………………………………… 8. - A. coarctata Poir.
¹ Developed by † B. Kuzmanov and M. AnčevFrom: „Флора на Република България”, том XI, БАН, Академично издателство „Проф. Марин Дринов”, София, (2013) * * * * *
Achillea /ækɪˈliːə/[3] is a group of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, known colloquially as yarrows. They were described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.[4][5] The genus was named after the Greek mythological character Achilles. According to legend, Achilles' soldiers used yarrow to treat their wounds,[6] hence some of its common names such as allheal and bloodwort.
The genus is native primarily to Europe, temperate areas of Asia, and North America.[7][8] The common name "yarrow" is usually applied to Achillea millefolium,[9] but may also be used for other species within the genus.Description
These plants typically have frilly, hairy, aromatic leaves. The plants show large, flat clusters of small flowers at the top of the stem. The flowers can be white, yellow, orange, pink or red and are generally visited by many insects, and are thus characterised by a generalised pollination system.[10]
Ecology
Achillea species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Achillea.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia * * * * *
Achillea
The genus Achillea is in the family Compositae in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants).
www.theplantlist.org › browse › Compositae › Achillea* * * * *
Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:References: „Флора на Република България”, том XI, БАН, Академично издателство „Проф. Марин Дринов”, София, (2013, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, www.theplantlist.org › browse › Compositae › Achillea
SPECIES:
Achillea ageratifolia (Sm.) Bernth. & Hook._EN.html - Balkan yarrow or Greek yarrow
Achillea millefolium L._EN.html - Yarrow or Common yarrow
Achillea multifida (DC) Griseb._EN.html - not found a common name
Achillea setacea Waldst. & Kit_EN.html - Bristly Yarrow
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