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Genus Erysimum L.

Род 334 (8). БОЯНКА — ERYSIMUM L.¹

L.; Sp. PL ed. 1 (1753) 660; Gen. PL, ed. 5(1754)296.

Fam:  Cruciferae Juss.
Genus:  Erysimum L.
English Name: Wallflower

Description:

Annual, biannual to perennial herbaceous plants with branching, off-standing, duple or stellated 3 - 4-lobed cloth. Leaves undivided, entire or serrated, fibrous. Inflorescences racemose, in fruits more or less extended. Sepals erect or diverted, with membranous white stripe on the edge, at least at the top, sometimes on top with horn; outside in their base clear bulky extended or non-extended. Petals mostly yellow, rarely red or white, with very long narrow claw and broadly ovate to elliptic oblong elliptical, deflected leaf blade, naked or outside fibrous, much longer than the calyx. Stamens free, without teeth, with 1 - 4 mm long yellow or yellow greenish anthers. Nectary 4; the two lateral cover the base of short stamens annular and they are opened out; middle glands located on the outside of the long stamens, linear, free or associated with the side. Pistil seated with clearly banister and binary stigma. Fruit linear, cylindrical to four-sided, sometimes flattened, dissolving pods with two flaps. The flaps convex or bulge similar to keel, with distinct mean streak. The bund thick, its epidermal cells stretched longitudinally, parallel with strongly thickened walls. The bar is not longer than 1/3 of the length of the pod, rarely missing. Each slot seeds are in a row, with or without winged edge.

Table for determining the species

1   Annuals, rarely biennial plants. Anthers 0.5 - 1.2 mm in length .............................................................................. 2
1* Biennial or perennial .............................................................................................................................................. 3
2   Petals 6 - 10 mm in length. Pods 5 - 10 cm long. The bar 2 - 5 mm in length. The stems of the pods 3 - 5 mm in length and thick as the pods. Covers inside naked .......................................................................... 9.- E. repatidum L.
2* Petals  2 - 6 mm in length. Pod 1 - 5 cm long. The bar 0.5 - 1.5 mm in length. The stems of the pods more than 5 mm long and much thinner than pods. The flaps on the inside with stellated hairs ............... 10. - E. cheirantkoides L.
3   Nap on the leaves almost entirely splitted; stellate hairs is rare or absent .................................................……… 4
3* Nap on the leaves stellate (mostly 3-lobed}; rare splitted or absent ...................................................................... 7
4   Petals (14) 15 - 25 mm in length and (3.5) 4 - 8 mm wide, naked .......................................................................... 5
4* Petals 8 - 15 (16) mm long and 2.5 - 4 mm wide, at the bottom fibrous ................................................................. 6
5   The bar of mature pods 0.5 - 2 mm long. Pods 1.3 - 1.6 mm wide. Biennial or perennial .... 1. - E. comatum Panč.
5* The bar of mature pods (1.5) 2 - 4 mm long. Pods 1 - 1.2 mm wide. Tussock-like perennial ................................... ........................................................................................................................................2. - E. helveticum (Jacq.) DC.
6    Tussock-like perennial plant up to 30 cm high. Four ridged pods, slightly flattened parallel to the bund 1 - 1.6 (2) mm wide. Seeds 1.5 - 3.5 mm long ............................................................................... 3. - E. pusillum Воrу et Chaub.
6* Biennial or perennial plant, high 30 - 120 cm. The pods four ridged in cross-section square, 0.6 - 1 mm wide. Seeds 1 - 1.5 mm long ................................................................................................................. 4. - E . dlffusum Ehrh.
7   Pods strongly flattened sideways, perpendicular to the bulkhead. Covers with ridge similar to keel, with a sharp or narrowly winged edge ................................................................................................... 8. - E. cuspidatum (MV). DC.
7* The pods in cross-section round or square. The flaps are not with ridge similar to keel and no winged edge ....... 8
8   Anthers 1 - 2 mm long. Sepals 4 - 6 mm long. Petals 8 - 10 (12) mm long …..……............ 7. - E. hieracifolium L.
8* Anthers 2 - 4 mm long. Sepals 5 - 10 mm long. Petals (10) 12 - 18 mm long ......................................................... 9
9   Petals broadly ovate back, 4 - 6.5 mm wide. All leaves more or less jagged …………...... 6. - E. odoratum Ehrh.
9* Petals elongated ovoid, 2 - 4 mm wide. The top leaves entire ............................... 5.  - E. crepidifolium Reichenb.
¹ developed by Iv. Assenov

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Erysimum (wallflower) is a genus of flowering plants in the botanical family Brassicaceae, that includes about 180 species, both popular garden plants and many wild forms. The genus Cheiranthus is sometimes included here in whole or in part. Erysimum has recently been ascribed to a monogeneric cruciferous tribe, Erysimeae. This tribe is characterized by sessile, stellate and/or malpighiaceous[clarification needed] trichomes, yellow to orange flowers and multiseeded siliques.

Morphology

Wallflowers are annuals, herbaceous perennials or sub-shrubs. The perennial species are short-lived and in cultivation treated as biennials. Most species have stems erect, somewhat winged, canescent with an indumentum of 2-fid hairs, usually 25 ± 53 cm x 2–3 mm in size, and t-shaped trichomes. The leaves are narrow and sessile. The lower leaves are linear to oblanceolate pinnatifid with backwardly directed lobes, acute, 50–80 mm x 0.5–3 mm. Stem leaves are linear, entire, all canescent with 2-fid hairs; 21–43 mm x 1.5–2 mm. Inflorescences are produced in racemes, with bright yellow to red or pink bilateral and hermaphrodite, hypogynous and ebracteate flowers. Flowering occurs during spring and summer. One species, Erysimum semperflorens, native to Morocco and Algeria, has white flowers. The floral pedicel ranges from 4 to 7 mm. Four free sepals somewhat saccate, light green, 5–7 mm x 1.5–2 mm.

Distribution

Wallflowers are native to southwest Asia, the Mediterranean, Europe, Africa (Cabo Verde), Micronesia, and North America through Costa Rica. Many wallflowers are endemic to small areas, such as:-

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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References: „Флора на НР България”, том IV, БАН, София, (1970), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:

SPECIES:

Erysimum diffusum Ehrh. - Diffuse wallflower

Erysimum helveticum (Jacq.) DC - Swiss Wallflower, Tufted Wallflower

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