Genus Matricaria L.

Род 780 (29). ЛАЙКА - MATRICARIA L.¹
L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 890 [nom. cons.]; Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 380;
Greuter, Med-Checklist 2 (2008) 541

Synonims:  (syn. Anthemis L.)

Fam:   Asteraceae (Compositae)
Genus:   Matricaria L.
English Name: Dog-fennel, May weed

Description:

Annual herbaceous plants. Stems single, glabrous or adjacently fibrous, straight or ascending, branched from the base or apex. Leaves consecutive, herbaceous, double to triple pinnate; the little pieces linear to filamentous; usually seated. Baskets isogamous or heterogamous, conical, with many blossoms, numerous in loose thyroid apical complex inflorescences or few, singly at the tips of the branches and stem. Enveloping leaflets in 2 - 3 rows, almost identical, tile-like overlapping, membranous on the edge. Flower bed conical, hollow, bare, without bracts. The outer 12 - 15 (20) blossoms are tongue, white, rarely pink, female or undeveloped, the tongue is shallowly serrated; internal numerous, tubular, yellow, bisexual, corolla at the apex deep 4- or 5-lobed, diffusely adjoining glandular fibrous. Anthers linear, basically without appendages. The style with linear partitions. Fruits with 3 - 10 thin light ribs, identical or different in shape, all without kite and crown or all with crown or fruits of lingual flowers with crown, and those of tubular without crown, semi-cylindrical, pale brown, convex on the back, short on top truncated, without resinous glands, on the abdominal side with 3 - 5 (10) thin, whitish longitudinal ribs, slippery when moistened. Insect pollinated; propagated by seeds.

Table for determination of the species 1   Tongue blossoms developed, white; tubular at the top 5-part …….............................................................… 1. - M chamomilla L. 1* Tongue blossoms undeveloped; tubular at the top 4-part ………...........................................................………. - M discoidea DC. ¹ † Developed by Kuzmanov. From:     „Флора на Република България”, том XI, БАН, Академично издателство „Проф. Марин Дринов”, София, (2013)

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Matricaria is a genus of flowering plants in the Chamomile tribe within the sunflower family.[3][4] Some of the species have the common name of "mayweed," but this name also refers to plants not in this genus.
Most are very common in the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and America, as well as in northern and southern Africa, and some are naturalised in Australia. Matricaria occidentalis is native to North America; other species have been introduced there.[5][6][7]
These are hardy, pleasantly aromatic annuals, growing along roadsides in ruderal communities and in fallow land rich in nutrients. Though many are considered nuisance weeds, they are suitable for rock gardens and herb gardens, and as border plants.
Their many-branched stems are prostrate to erect, glabrous, and very leafy. Their bipinnate leaves have numerous linear, narrowly lobed leaflets.[5]
The flowers are radially symmetrical. The greenish-yellow capitula are semi-spherical. The white ray florets can be present (M. recutita) or lacking (M. discoidea). The disc florets are 4- to 5-dentate. The receptacle is 2–3 times as high as wide. The pappus may be crown-shaped and short, or lacking.[5]
Matricaria species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species (caterpillars) including lime-speck pug.
The extract of Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) is taken as a strong tea. It has been used in herbal medicine as a carminative and anti-inflammatory. It is also used in ointments and lotions, and as a mouthwash against infections of mouth and gums. Aromatherapy uses two essential oils of chamomile: the "true chamomile" oil (or German chamomile oil, from M. recutita) and the Roman chamomile oil (from Chamaemelum nobile).
The taxonomy of Matricaria is controversial and very confused. Several species are classified either in Tripleurospermum or Matricaria depending on the interpretation of the author. The distinction is made according to the number of the seed ribs: Tripleurospermum has one adaxial and two lateral seed ribs, while Matricaria has four or five adaxial seed ribs.[8]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Synonims:  (syn. Anthemis L.)

Anthemis is a genus of aromatic flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, closely related to Chamaemelum, and like that genus, known by the common name chamomile; some species are also called dog-fennel or mayweed. Anthemis are native to the Mediterranean region and southwest Asia east to Iran. A number of species have also become naturalized in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world.[3][4][5][6]
There are around 100 species within this genus. [7]
Anthemis species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Orthonama obstipata (The Gem) and Bucculatrix anthemidella, a leaf-miner which feeds exclusively on Anthemis tinctoria.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Matricaria

The genus Matricaria is in the family Compositae in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants).

www.theplantlist.org › browse › Compositae › Matricaria

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Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:

References: „Флора на Република България”, том XI, БАН, Академично издателство „Проф. Марин Дринов”, София, (2013), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, www.theplantlist.org › browse › Compositae › Matricaria

SPECIES:

Matricaria chamomilla L. - Wild chamomile, Blue chamomile, Scented mayweed

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