Genus Muscari Mill.
Род 172 (18). КУКУВИЧЕ ГРОЗДЕ —MUSCARI MILL.¹
Mill. Gard. Diet ed. 8 (1763) no. 3.
Fam: Liliaceae Hill.
Genus: Muscari Mill.
English Name: Grape hyacinth, Bluebells, «Мышиный гиацинт»Description: Perennial bulbous plants with basal linear leaves and bare stems with ovoid or ovoid oblong racemose inflorescence. Flowers with short petioles and jar-shaped, blue, dove or violet perianth with 6 outward-facing teeth. The carpophore with a spherical ovary, a straight style and a head-like stigma. The flowers often emit a sharp pleasant odor. The fruit is a sharp-edged box.
Table for determination of the species
1 Stamens arranged in two circles (rows) ………….............................................…….……………… 1. - M. vandasii Vel.
1* Stamens arranged in a circle (row) ……………………………..............................................…………………………… 2
2 Perianth oblong ………………………………………..………........................................……………………................. 3
2* Perianth globular (jar-shaped) ………………………................................................……...…. 3. - M botryoides (L.) Mill.
3 Inflorescence conical. Flowers with equally long and spreading petioles ………………...……….. 2. - M. pyramidatum Vel.
3* Inflorescence oval, dense or oblong. loosely. The fruitless flowers are a little paler than the fruitful ones ...………………….. 4
4 Leaves flat, broadly linear or broadly grooved, 3 - 8 mm wide ......................................................... 4. - M. neglectam Guss.
4* Leaves thin, semi-cylindrical or narrowly linear, 2 - 3 mm wide .............................................................................................. 5
5 Leaves semi-cylindrical, usually shorter than the stem. Inflorescence dense. The fruitless flowers are a little paler than the fruitful ones ........................................................................................................................................................ 6. - M. racemosam (L) Mill.
5* Leaves closely linear. Inflorescence oblong, loose. The fruitless flowers are pale blue, the fruitful dark blue with whitish teeth ……………….................................................................................................................................... 5. - M. pulchellum Heldr.
¹ Developed by St. Valev and Iv. Assenov.From: „Флора на Народна Република България”, том II, БАН, София, (1964 ) * * * * *
Note:
the compilers of the species identification key for the genus Muscari St. Valev and Iv. Assenov. did not include the species М. comosom Mill, although this species is common in Bulgaria. See for example
You could see for example in >157. (16). Muscari L. (вкл. Leopoldia Parl.) — Кукувиче грозде
Perianth blue, almost globose or oblong, on its narrowed upper end usually with 6 teeth. The larvae are attached to the middle of the perianth tube. The style as long as the perianth tube. filamentous, with a weak 3-lobed stigma. The box is sharp-three-walled. Plants with bulbs and leafless stem. Flowers on petioles, with small bracts. Inflorescence bunch. The upper barren flowers sometimes have a different shape than the lower ones, which are fruitful.
1 The above modified sterile flowers form a kind of tuft at the top of the inflorescence and differ in shape and color from the fruiting ones. Inflorescence elongated, 10 - 25 cm long, loose ................................................................................................................................................................. 2.
1*. The above barren flowers do not develop or differ slightly from the fruiting ones. The inflorescence is short, compact ................................ 3.
2 Perianth of barren flowers 2 and more times longer than broad; stalks of barren flowers not longer or slightly longer than the perigon .......... ............................................................................................................................................................................. (4) M. tenuiflorum Tausch.
2*. Perianth of barren flowers no more 1.5 times longer than wide; the petioles of barren flowers 3 - 4 times longer than the perigon ................ …………………….........................................................................................................................................………. (3) M. comosom Mill.
3 Perianth globular-oval ………….......................................................................………………………….……… (1) M. botryoides Mill.
3* Perianth oblong …………………......................................................................…………………..……………. (2) M. racemosum Mill.From „Флора на България”, Н. Стоянов, Б. Стефанов, Б. Китанов, „Наука и изкуство”, Четвърто преработено и допълнено издание, Част I, София (1966) * * * * *
Muscari is a genus of perennial bulbous plants native to Eurasia that produce spikes of dense, most commonly blue, urn-shaped flowers resembling bunches of grapes in the spring. The common name for the genus is grape hyacinth (a name which is also used for the related genera Leopoldia and Pseudomuscari, which were formerly included in Muscari), but they should not be confused with hyacinths. In the United States, they are also commonly referred to as bluebells, though certain regions reserve this name for bluebonnets instead.[citation needed] In Russia this plant is known also as «гадючий лук» (literally: adder onion) or «мышиный гиацинт» (literally: mouse hyacinth). A number of species of Muscari are used as ornamental garden plants.Description
The genus Muscari originated in the Old World, including the Mediterranean basin, central and southern Europe, northern Africa, western, central and south-western Asia. It has become naturalized elsewhere, including northern Europe and the United States.[1]
Brian Mathew says that many species of grape hyacinths, including not only Muscari but also the related Leopoldia and Pseudomuscari, are difficult to distinguish.[2] They usually have one or more narrow leaves which arise from a bulb. The flowers appear in the spring and form a spike or raceme, being held in a close or loose spiral around a central stalk. The flowers often become less tightly spaced as the flower matures. The flower colour varies from pale blue to a very dark blue, almost black in some cases (albino forms are also known). In some species the upper flowers may be of a different colour and shape to the lower flowers. Individual flowers are composed of six fused tepals forming a spherical to obovoid shape, constricted at the end to form a mouth around which the ends of the tepals show as small lobes or "teeth", which may be of a different colour to the rest of the tepal.[2]Taxonomy
The use of muscari as part of the name of at least some of the species included in the modern genus can be traced back to Carolus Clusius in 1601, long before the modern rules of botanical nomenclature were established.[3] In 1753, Carl Linnaeus used the name Hyacinthus muscari for the plant now called Muscari racemosum.[4] In 1754, Philip Miller formally established the genus Muscari according to modern rules of nomenclature.[3] The name muscari comes from the Greek muschos, musk, referring to the scent.[5]
Classified in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae,[6] the genus was formerly placed in the Liliaceae as a member of the tribe Hyacintheae. There are about forty species. The genus was at one time divided into four groups or subgenera: Botryanthus, Pseudomuscari, Leopoldia and Muscarimia.[2] Pseudomuscari and Leopoldia are now treated as separate genera.[7] The genus Muscari is now more or less equivalent to the Botryanthus group.
A complication in splitting up the broad genus is that Miller's original Muscari included representatives of at least three of the new genera. Which one should retain the name Muscari would normally be decided by where the type species was placed; however Miller did not designate a type species, although the etymology of the genus name points to the species Linnaeus called Hyacinthus muscari (now Muscari racemosum).[3]
The Muscarimia group are retained in Muscari by the Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Two species have been placed in this group: M. macrocarpum and M. racemosum (under the name M. muscarimi).[2]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia * * * * *
Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution: References: „Флора на Народна Република България”, том II, БАН, София, (1964 ), „Флора на България”, Н. Стоянов, Б. Стефанов, Б. Китанов, „Наука и изкуство”, Четвърто преработено и допълнено издание, Част I, София (1966), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
SPECIES:
Muscari botryoides (L.) Miller - Grape hyacinth, Italian Grape Hyacinth, Common grape hyacinth, White Grape Hyacinth
Muscari comosum (L.) Miller - Tassel hyacinth or Tassel grape hyacinth
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