Genus Orobanche L.
Род 724 (1). ВОЛОВОДЕЦ, СИНЯ КИТКА — OROBANCHE L. ¹
L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 633; Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 281 p. p.Fam: Orobanchaceae Vent.
Genus: Orobanche L.
English Name: Broomrape or Broom-rapeDescription:
Stem more or less thick, often bulbous thickened at the base, covered with scaly leaves. The leaves are consecutive, usually brown or dark brown. The flowers are sat down or on short petioles collected at the top of the stem and branches in a wheatear-like, or more or less dense raceme. Each flower with 1 bract, and sometimes with 2 bracts on the side of the calyx. Calyx fused, in some species bell-shaped, cut in the upper part, with 4 - 5 teeth, in others cut to the base or almost to the base of 2 whole or two-toothed sections. Corolla 1 - 4 cm long, tubular, bell-shaped or funnel-shaped, bilobed, more or less dilated to the lips. The upper lip is two-part or entire, the lower 3-part, with 2 folds between the parts. Stamens hidden in the corolla, captured at the base or in its lower half. The box is elliptical or elliptical. Seeds ovoid, spherical or elliptical.
Note. When collecting materials, it is necessary to carefully remove the plants from the soil together with the host plant. In addition, the label should also indicate the color of the corolla in full bloom, the color of the stem, leaves and bracts, the nature of the hair, etc.
Table for determination of the species
1 Flowers with bracts; the fused calyx with 2 little bracts on each side; stem simple or branched ...................…………............ 2
1* Flowers only with bracts, without little bracts; calyx cut to base or almost to base of 2 entire or two-toothed sections; the stem
simply ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2 Corolla 2 - 3.5 (4) cm long, bluish purple or violet, lighter at the base; anthers at the base and at the seams of both halves densely
fibrous ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2* Corolla 1 - 2.5 (3.5) cm long, differently colored; anthers bare or only at the base with hairs ..............………….................... 4
3 Stem simple or branched. Inflorescence loose and usually longer than the rest of the stem. Calyx (0.8) 1 - 1.5 (2) cm long,
brown, with faint veins, longer than the bract. The leaves are ovate or lance ovate ……………………… 4. - O. aegyptiaca Pers.
3* The stem is simple. Inflorescence dense, usually shorter than the rest of the stem. Calyx 1 - 1.8 (2) cm long, with pronounced
veins, slightly shorter or equal to the bract. Leaves lance .......................................................................... 6. - O. arenaria Borkh.
4 The stem is simple. Calyx with 5 teeth, the back often poorly developed, in a dry state, as well as the corolla, with well-marked
veins ………...........................................................................................................………..................... 7. - O. purpurea Jacq.
4* Stem branched, rarely simple, calyx with 4 teeth .................................................................................................................... 5
5 Corolla with obtuse, rounded or elliptical shares. Stigma violet, pale blue or whitish ................................................................ 6
5* Corolla with pointed, ovoid or elliptical shares. The stigma white ……………....................................................…............... 7
6 Corolla (1.5) 1.8 - 2.2 (2.4) cm long. Stamens captured 5 - 6 mm from its base. The teeth of the calyx are as long as its tube …….................................................................................................................................................... .... 3. - O. mutelii Schultz
6* Corolla 1 - 1.3 (1.5) cm long. Stamens captured 2-3 mm from its base. The teeth of the calyx shorter than its tube ................... ...............................................................................…………………………………...................................... 1. - O. ramosa L.
7 Teeths of the calyx longer than its tube. Corolla 1.5 - 1.9 cm long. Stamens captured 6 - 7 mm from its base ........................... .................................................................................................................................................. 5. - O. oxyloba (Reut.) G. Beck
7* Teeths of the calyx shorter, rarely almost equal to its tube. Corolla 1.1 - 1.5 (1.7) cm long. Stamens caught 3 - 5 mm from its base …….................................................................................................................................... 2. - O. nana (Reut.) Noe ex G.Beck
8 Corolla 1.2 - 1.8 (2) cm long, tubular, blue-violet or yellowish in the upper half, whitish and swollen in the lower, narrowed above
the base of the stamens and more or less dilated to the lips again. Stamens captured just below the middle of the gingival tube ..........
....................................................................................................................................................................8. - O. cumana Wallr.
8* Corolla 1.8 - 3.2 cm long, broadly tubular or bell-shaped, slightly swollen or not swollen in the lower part and not narrowed in
the middle; stamens captured in the lower third or at the base of the gingival tube ..........................................................………… 9
9 Corolla 1 - 2 cm long, covered on the outside of the upper lip with long, simple, curly hairs ......…… 14. - O. pubescens D'Urv.
9* Corolla usually longer than 2 cm, uncovered on the outside of the upper lip with long simple, curly hairs ........………………. 10
10 The longitudinal dorsal line of the corolla, seen from the side, uniformly arched …...........................................................…. 11
10* The longitudinal dorsal line of the corolla at the base and towards the lips more or less curved, and in the middle straight or
slightly concave ……………............................................................................................................………………………… 14
11 Corolla 1.5 - 2.5 cm long, bell-shaped, yellow to the base with purple-red veins, red to the lips, dark red and shiny inside.
Stamens caught 0.5 - 2 mm from the base of the corolla, in the lower 1/3 - 1/4 covered with simple hairs, and up bare or with
slightly glandular hairs under the anthers ……………..…………………………………………………… 24. - O. gracilis Sm.
11* Corolla tubular, broadly tubular or bell-shaped, differently colored and not shiny inside; stamens captured 2 - 6 mm from the
base of the corolla, in the lower 1/2 with simple, and up with glandular hairs ............................................................................... 12
12 The style bare or with scattered glandular hairs, corolla (0.8) 1 - 1.5 (1.8) cm long, pale yellow to almost white, to the lips
bluish or purple; upper gingival lip 2-part ………………..……………........................................... 15 - 18. Group of - O. minor
12* The style is glandular fibrous, the corolla 1.2 - 2.5 cm long, pale yellow or light brown, to the lips with a pink tinge or brown-violet
veins; upper gingival lip entire or shallow 2-part ..................................................................................................................... .. 13
13 The stem and the axis of the inflorescence covered only with short glandular hairs (up to 0.3 mm long); calyx teeth with 3 obscure
veins; the parts of the lower lip without lashes on the edge ............................................................................. 22. - O. elatior Sutt.
13* The stem at the top and the axis of the inflorescence covered with longer hairs (3 to 6 mm long), and often with simple and weakly
glandular hairs; calyx teeth with 1 vein; the shares of the lower lip glandular ciliated on the edge ............... 23. - O. alsatica Kirschl.
14 The shares of the calyx 2 or more times shorter than the gingival tube, free or fused in front, broad at the base, entire or two-
toothed at the apex; teeth triangular or narrowly triangular ......................................................................................................... 15
14* The shares of the calyx almost equal, rarely up to 2 times shorter than the gingival tube, free, relatively narrow at the base, entire
or two-toothed at the apex; teeth long and narrow, almost acuminate ........................................................................................ 17
15 The stigma is yellow; corolla yellow, to the lips red-brown with purple veins ........................................... 21. - O. lutea Baumg.
15* The stigma purple red, rarely pink or brown ....................................................................................................................... 16
16 Corolla 1.8 - 3.2 (3.5) cm long, most often reddish brown. The calyxp sections are usually entire; stamens captured 1 - 3 (4)
mm from the base of the corolla ...................... ................................................................................ 19. - O. caryophyllacea Sm.
16* Corolla 1.8 - 2.2 cm long, most often brown-purple; calyx shares 2-part; stamens captured 3 - 5 mm from the base of the corolla …………………...…...........................................................................................................………… 20. - O. teucrii Holandre
17 At least the upper lip of the corolla covered mainly with colored, most often red or purple glandular hairs (in the dry state with
dark spots, mainly at the base of the hairs); the upper part of the stem, the axis of the inflorescence and the bracts short glandular
fibrous ......................................................................................................................................................................................18
17* Corolla covered with colorless or pale yellow hairs; the upper part of the stem, the axis of the inflorescence and the bracts covered
with short glandular and often with longer simple hairs ………………………………………….............…………………….. 21
18 The stigma yellow or orange, sometimes with a red ring at the base ……………........................................................…… 19
18* The stigma purple, red or red-brown ……………….……………………...................................................……………. 20
19 Stem 15 - 50 cm high; the middle part of the lower gingival lip wider than the lateral ones; the petioles of the stamens captured
at 2 - 2.5 mm from the base of the corolla …………….………………………………………………. 12. - O. Pancicii G. Beck
19* Stem up to 15 cm high; the middle and lateral parts of the lower gingival lip are almost identical; the petioles of stamens captured
at 3 - 4 mm from the base of the corolla ………….......……………………………………….. 13. - O, serbica G. Beck et Panč.
20 The lower lip of the corolla glandular fibrous along the edge. Corolla red, whitish or yellowish white, to the lips red or purple.
The shares of the calyx in the dry state are light brown, with clear veins. ………………………………………..…. О. alba Steph.
20* The lower lip of the corolla without or with single glandular hairs on the edge; corolla 1.5 - 2.3 cm long, dark red to the lips; the
calyx sections in the dry state dark brown or black, with indistinct veins ………...………………………. 11. - O. reticulata Wallr.
21 Corolla (1.5) 2 - 3 cm long, with quite large shares on both lips, light yellow or white, often with purple veins to the lips. Calyx
1 - 2 cm long; the petioles of the stamens covered in the lower 1/3 with simple, and upwards - with scattered glandular hairs ..........… …………………………………….................................................……………………………………. 10. - O. crenata Forsk.
21* Corolla 1 - 2.3 cm long, with smaller shares on both lips, white or yellowish white, often with purple or reddish veins; calyx
8 - 15 mm long; the petioles of the stamens covered to the middle with simple hairs, and up bare ........ 15 - 18. Group of - O. minor
¹ Developed by D. Delipavlov.From: „Флора на Република България”, том Х, Академично издателство „Проф. Марин Дринов” БАН, София, (1995)
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Orobanche (broomrape or broom-rape) is a genus of over 200 species of parasitic herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae, mostly native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere.[1] Some species formerly included in this genus are now referred to the genus Conopholis. The broomrape plant is small, from 10–60 cm tall depending on species. It is best recognized by its yellow- to straw-coloured stems completely lacking chlorophyll, bearing yellow, white, or blue snapdragon-like flowers. The flower shoots are scaly, with a dense terminal spike of between ten and twenty flowers in most species, although single in O. uniflora. The leaves are merely triangular scales. The seeds are minute, tan-to-brown, and blacken with age. These plants generally flower from late winter to late spring. When they are not flowering, no part of the plants is visible above the surface of the soil.
As they have no chlorophyll, they are totally dependent on other plants for nutrients. Broomrape seeds remain dormant in the soil, often for many years, until stimulated to germinate by certain compounds produced by living plant roots.[2] Broomrape seedlings put out a root-like growth, which attaches to the roots of nearby hosts. Once attached to a host, the broomrape robs its host of water and nutrients.
Some species are only able to parasitise a single plant species, such as ivy broomrape Orobanche hederae, which is restricted to parasitising ivy; these species are often named after the plant they parasitise. Others can infect several genera, such as the lesser broomrape O. minor, which lives on clover and other related Fabaceae.
Branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa), native to central and southwestern Europe but widely naturalised elsewhere, is considered a major threat to crops in some areas. Plants that it parasitizes are tomato, eggplant, potato, cabbage, coleus, bell pepper, sunflower, celery, and beans. In heavily infested areas, branched broomrape can cause total crop failure.
The stems of Orobanche crenata, a species parasitic on the fava bean, are gathered and eaten in the region of Apulia, in southern Italy, where they are given the name of sporchia.[3]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:
References: „Флора на Република България”, том Х, Академично издателство „Проф. Марин Дринов” БАН, София, (1995), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
SPECIES:
Orobanche gracilis Sm. - Slender broomrappe
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