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Fam:   Scrophulariaceae Juss.
Genus:  Rhinanthus L.
English Name: Yellow-rattle

Description:

Annual, semi-parasitic plants. Stem upright, four-legged, straight or branched. Leaves opposite, seated, elliptical to lance, whole, jagged or scratchy jagged. Flowers sitting down, collected in top up class-grape-like inflorescences. The bracts are triangular to triangular-lance, jagged. The calyx is ovoid to almost spherical, laterally flattened, on ripening of the fruit growing, swollen, tipped at the top, with 4 short teeth, naked or simple, sometimes glandular fibrous. The crown is yellow, with two lips, with a long, cylindrical, straight or curved tube, longer to shorter than the calyx; The upper lip longer than the lower, laterally flattened, helmet, on the top with 2 small teeth; Lower flat, 3-sided. Stamens 4, two-pointed, 2 enclosed in the tube of the crown, 2 longer, hidden under the upper lip of the crown; The parts of the anther with hairs, dumb. The fruit is a laterally flattened double-breasted box in each nest of several seeds. The seeds more or less discoid, usually winged, rarely without crying. Insect plants; Breed with seed.
Note. When describing ecotype varieties, the term intercalary leaves is used. These are the leaves of the main stem, which are located between the lower branches of the stem and the lowest flowers of the top inflorescence.
The Rhinanthus genus was one of the classical sites for studying the so-called "seasonal dimorphism", i.e. the early flowering - summer, and lately flowering - autumn forms, according to Soó (1929) in the species Rhinanthus There is a polymorphism that is predominantly conditioned by the ecological and geographic factors, the most important of which is the length of the vegetation period and the specific conditions for the development of the plants.
In the Rhinanthus genus for each species has the following Soó ecotypes, 1. c.):
1) Autumn. The branches are numerous, spread or arched curved upwards. The internodes are numerous, short. Intercalar leaves several pairs.
2) Summer. Branches usually 2 - 4 pairs, most often with flowers. The internodes are numerous, short. Intercalar leaves 0 - 2 pairs.
3) Spring. Branches are few or missing, short, without flowers. The internodes a few, short. Intercalar leaves are missing.
4) Mountain. Small plants. Branches are few or absent. The internodes short, numerous. The number of intercalar pairs varies.

Table for determining of the species 1   The tube of the corolla straight; Upper gingival teeth shorter than 1 mm ............................................................................................ 1. - R. minor L. 1* The tube of the corolla more or less curved; The tooth of the upper lip of the corolla 1.5 - 2.5 mm long .................................................................. 2 2   The calyx entirely or only along the edges and teeth the glandular fibrous ................................................................................................................ 3 2* The calyx naked or simply filamentous ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 3    The calyx is completely covered with glandular hairs, preserving themselves after the ripening of the fruit. Stem in the upper part and bracts glandular fibrous ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5. - R. rumelicus Vel. 3* The calyx is naked, only on the edges and teeth with short glandular hairs. Stem and bracts almost naked ................................... 6. - R wagneri Deg. 4   Corolla with closed mouth .................................................................................................................................... 7. - R. angustifolius C. C. Gmel. 4* Corolla with open mouth  ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 5    The lower teeth of the bracts on the top with an little awn up to 5 mm long ……………………............................................. 2. - R. javorkae Soó 5* The lower teeth of the bracts on the tip are tapered, without an little awn  ............................................................................................................... 6 6   The tube of the corolla is strongly and sharply curved; The lower lip distant from the top, the mouth wide open ...................... 3. - R. alpinus Baumg. 6* The tube of the corolla slightly curved; The lower lip upright, near the upper, the mouth more or less open ............................... 4. - R. gracilis Schur ¹ Developed Iv. Assenov

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Rhinanthus (rattle) is a genus of annual hemiparasitic herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae, formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae. The genus consists of about 30-40 species found in Europe, northern Asia, and North America, with the greatest species diversity (28 species) in Europe.
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