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Genus Torilis Adans.
Род 535 (11). ТОРИЛИС — TORILIS ADANS.¹
Adans., Fam. II (1763) 99 p. p. emend. Reichenb. et Reichenb. fil. Icon. Fl. Germ. XXI (1866) 82

Fam: Umbelliferae Juss. (Apiaceae)
Genus: Torilis Adans.
English Name: Hedge parsleys

Description:

Annual and rarely biennial plants with thin spindle-shaped roots. Stems single or several, erect, ascending or recumbent, most often almost branched from the base, finely furrowed, rough with downward white bristly hairs. Leaves triangularly ovate or oblong ovoid to oblong, 1 to 3 times Feathery-like cut with ovate oblong to oblong or lance linear to linear, cut, serrated or entire shares of last order, together with the petioles densely covered with short, adherent and pointing upwards bristly hairs; the lower ones to the long ones, the upper ones to the shorter petioles, passing into a short, enlarged and at the end of a white tingling vagina. complicated umbrellas top, with long petioles or only at the beginning top, but due to the lateral branch growing remain lateral, sat down or with short petioles, at the base with a sheath of 4 - 6 (-12) linear styliform adherent to the rays. or without a sheath, or rarely with only 1 - 2 leaflets. Shades with numerous blossoms, with a sheath of numerous linearly styliform to subulate, bristly fibrous bracts. Blossoms polygamous, rarely shades only with bisexual blossoms. Calyx with triangular lance, sharp teeth. Petals white or reddish, broadly ovoid backwards, at the apex more or less cut, on the tubular side of the medium with long adjacent bristles. Fruit ovoid or oblong cylindrical, slightly flattened at the side. Stylopodium short cone. Stems shorter or several times longer than the stylopodium; carpophores up to 1/3 or up to 1/2 double; mericarpes in cross-section semicircular; main ribs thin, indistinct, 1 row upwards pointed bristles; furrows between the main ribs covered with long, bushy spines or warts; the grooves below the grooves single, and on the inside 2; endosperm with a longitudinal groove, cross-section with a half-moon and kidney shape.

Table for determination of the species

1   Complicated umbrellas nearly sessile or with shorter than 5 cm petioles, usually laterally along the stem opposite the leaves ..................................... 2
1* Complicated umbrellas with longer than 5 cm petioles, usually located at the top of branches and stems .................................................................. 3
2    The stem most often semi-lying down. Complicated umbrellas nearly almost sat down or with petioles shorter than 1 cm. Fruits 2 - 3 mm long; the outer fruits heteromorphic, the inner mericarpes covered with warts, the outer ones with long spines; outer and inner mericarpies of central fruits covered with warts ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1. - T. nodosa (L.) Gaertn.
2* The stem erect. Complicated umbrellas with 1 - 5 cm long petioles. Fruits 5 - 6 mm long; mericarpes identical, covered with long spines ............…. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6. - T. leptophilla (L.) Reichenb. Fil.
3   Main rays at the base with a sheath of 4 - 12 leaves .............................................................................................................................................. 4
3* Main rays at the base without or with a sheath of 1 - 2 leaves ................................................................................................................................ 5
4   The outer petals of the final flowers are slightly longer than the rest. Fruits 3 - 4 mm long. Main Rays 5 – 12 ................ 4. - T. japonica (Houtt.) DC.
4* The outer petals of the final flowers are much longer than the rest. Fruits about 2 mm long. Main Rays 10 - 15 ................... 5. - T. ucranica Spreng .
5    Main Beams 2 - 3 (4). The outer petals of the final flowers are no longer than the other, about 1 mm long. The spikes of the fruit upright. Top leaves three-lobed, much longer than the lateral linear-lance to linear central share, on the edge serrated to almost entire ……..…… 3. - T. heterophylla Guss.
5* Main rays (4) 5 - 12. The outer petals of the final flowers are slightly longer than the others, up to 1.5 or 2 mm long. The spikes of the fruit curved to the tip. The top leaves are similar to the others, but smaller ............................................................................................... 2. - T. arvensis (Huds.) Link
Developed by Yves. Assenov.

From:   „Флора на Н. Р. България”, VIII, БАН, София, (1982)

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Torilis is a genus of plants in the family Apiaceae which are known generally as the hedge parsleys. They are native to Eurasia and North Africa but have been introduced to other continents. T. arvensis is quite widespread in North America but is facing population decline in the UK.
Selected species:

Torilis arvensis - spreading hedge parsley, Canadian hedge parsley, common hedge parsley

Torilis japonica - Japanese hedge parsley

Torilis leptophylla - bristlefruit hedge parsley

Torilis nodosa - knotted hedge parsley

Torilis scabra - rough hedge parsley

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:

References: „Флора на Н. Р. България”, VIII, БАН, София, (1982), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

SPECIES:

Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link - Spreading hedgeparsley, Tall sock-destroyer and Common hedge parsley

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