Genus Verbascum L.
Род 700 (4). ЛОПЕН — VERBASCUM L. ¹
L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 177; Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 83;
Murb., Lunds Univ. Arsskr. nov. ser. XXIX, 2 (1933) 45;
Celsia L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 621; Gen. PL ed. 5 (1754) 272
Fam: Scrophulariaceae Juss.
Genus: Verbascum L.
English Name: Mullein, Velvet plantDescription: Annual, biennial or perennial herbaceous plants, rarely semi-shrubs and shrubs, often fibrous from multi-cellular branched or unbroken hairs or glandular lobes. The root is spindle-shaped or branched. Stem upright, simple or branched. Leaves simple, entire or to a different extent dissected to double-feathery broken, with petioles or sitting down; the base leaves forming a rosette; stem leaves consecutive. Inflorescences racemus simple or complex. Zygomorphic blossoms, located singly or in a few in dihasiums or unilateral monochosy in the bristle, in some species at the top of the flower, are reduced to single flower *. The petioles of the first blossoms of the dihasiums, with or without 2 laterals, very rarely all the blossom petioles with the little bracts. Leaflets of the calyx 5, mature; the shares slightly different from one another. The petals 5, partially grown in a short gut tube; with or without bright spots, dark spots and papillae at the base of the shares. Stamens 5 or 4; stamen petioles differently dyed, bare or covered to varying degrees with papillae **. The anthers are identical, kidney-shaped, attached to the petiole in the middle or uneven; the anthers of the two lower stamens elongated and inclined towards the stamen petioles or runners downwards on them, and the other kidney attached to the middle of the stamen petiole. The carpophore of 2 fruity-bearing, upper; the twin-thread connection; the style filamentary, at the top expanded; the stigma is hemispherical, ovate or discoid. The fruit breaks out a box. The seeds are numerous, small, conical prismatic with several longitudinal rows of dimples or elliptical with longitudinal folds. Insects, propagated with seeds.
Economic importance. Some species are medicinal plants. Dried blossoms and leaves are used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Table for determination of the species
1 Blossoms located one by one ......................................................................................................................... 2
1* Blossoms located 2 or more in dihasiums or monohasiums, to the top of the inflorescence may be single ... 12
2 Blossoms located in the bosoms of the bracts without lateral small bracts ..................................................... 3
2* Blossoms located in the bosoms of the bracts with two lateral small bracts ................................................... 9
3 The anthers of the stamens same, kidney ........................................................................................................ 4
3* The anthers of the stamens are uneven, two of them oblong, running downwards on the stamen petioles, the others - kidney-like, attached to the middle of the petiole ................................................................................................. 6
4 The basal leaves entire, jagged or wavy incisions; stem leaves entire ............................................................ 5
4* The basal leaves feathery devoted, or double feathery-like; stem feathery devoted or double feathery-like ........................................................................................................................................ 7. - V orientate (L.) All.
5 The basal leaves are slightly wavy folded, entire or dull unevenly serrated. Corolla most often violet .............................................................................................................................................. 4. - V phoeniceum L.
5* The basal leaves deep to double unevenly jagged or incised. Corolla yellow ………............................……. ........................................................................................................................ 5. - V. xanthophoeniceum Griseb.
6 The Stamens 5 ...................................................................................................................... 3. - V blattaria L.
6* The Stamens 4 ................................................................................................................................................. 7
7 Basal leaves entire or jagged ………...................................................................... 6. - V. bugulifolium Lam.
7* Basal leaves feathery-like cut ......................................................................................................................... 8
8 Bracts serrated, the leaf blade of the basal leaves glandular fibrous ............... 9. - V rupestre (Dav.) Fergus.
8* Bracts entire, the lamina of the basal leaves naked ...................................... 8 - V. roripifolium (Hal.) Fergus.
9 The anthers of the stamens identical, kidney, attached to the petioles in the middle, not running down ........ 10
9* The anthers of the stamens are uneven, two of them oblong, running down of the anthers petioles, the others are kidney-like, attached to the petioles in the middle ................................................................................................. 11
10 The leaves are feathery-like cut, the shares jagged; Papillae on stamen petioles white or pale yellow ..................................................................................................................... 2. - V purpureum (Janka) Hub.-Mor.
10* The leaves entire, jagged; papillaes on stamen petioles violet ...................... 1. - V adrianopolitanum Podp.
11 Plants yellow fibrous; the upper stem leaves ovate lance, suddenly narrowed to a pointed peak to 1 cm long ... .......................................................................................................................... 10. - V ovalifolium Donn ex Sims
11* Plants white-gray fibrous; upper stem leaves ovate-lance, gradually tapered, without pointed peak ........................................................................................................................................... 11. - V thracicum Vel.
12 The anthers of all stamens identical, kidney, attached to the petioles in the middle ………........................ 13
12* The anthers of the lower stamens oblong, running down or inclined to the stamen petiole ........................ 34
13 At least the lower groups of flowers in the recesses of a single bract, without little side bracts ............... 14
13* At least the lower groups of flowers in the recesses of a single bract, with two side little side bracts of the first blossom ............................................................................................................................................................. 19
14 The laminas of the basal leaves wavy cut ....................................................................... 17. - V nobile Vel.
14* The laminas of the basal leaves entire, entire on the edges or serrated ....................................................... 15
15 The laminas of the basal leaves entire on the edges or vaguely serrated ........ 12. - V urumoffii Stoj. et Acht.
15* The laminas of the basal leaves jagged ........................................................................................................ 16
16 The corolla outside naked ........................................................ 16. - V spathulisepalum Greuter et Rech. fil.
16* The corolla outside fiber .............................................................................................................................. 17
17 The corolla of the inner side with branched hair ............................................................ 13. - V humile Janka
17* The corolla of the inner side without branched hair ..................................................................................... 18
18 Papillaes of the stamen petioles violet …………………………..........................…….... 15. - V juruk Stef.
18* Papillaes of the stamen petioles white ..….......................…. 14. - V. tzar-borisii (Davies ex Stoj.) Stef.-Gat.
19 The lower stamens on the inner surface covered with papillae ………………….........................………... 20
19* The lower stamens at the top bare ................................................................................................................. 21
20 Basal leaves jagged or the lamina at the base feathery-like divided into shares; stem leaves located sparsely, not folded ............................................................................................................................ 18. - V banaticum Schrad.
20* The basal leaves entire. Stem leaves wrapped up to the inflorescence with wavy folded leaves ....................................................................................................................................... 19. - V speciosum Schrad.
21 Papillaes on the stamen petioles white or yellow ........................................................................................ 22
21* Papillaes on the stamen petioles violet or purple-violet ............................................................................... 28
22 Basal leaves wavy cut and wavy folded ..................................................... 20. - V pseudonobile Stoj. et Stef.
22* Basal leaves entire or jagged, flat or folded ................................................................................................. 23
23 Basal leaves entire or unevenly jagged ………………………………………..........................………… 24
23* Basal leaves at least in the upper third jagged ............................................................................................. 26
24 Inflorescence with thick, clearly visible long glandular hairs ………………….…......................……….. 25
24* Inflorescence with faded branching .................................................................... 24. - V pulverulentum Vill.
26 The petioles of the first blossoms are considerably longer than the calyxes ………....... 25. - V. lychnitis L.
26* The petioles of the first blossoms shorter, equal or slightly longer than the calyxes ..................................... 27
27 The box 2 - 3 times longer than calyx .......................................................................... 22. - V. decorum Vel.
27 * The box is equal to the calyx or slightly longer ................................... 26 Boev Lopen - V. boevae Stef.-Gat.
28 Basal leaves with narrow non-winged petioles; leaf blades eliptical ovoid, round to ovate, entire or serrated ............................................................................................................................................................................. 29
28* Basal leaves with short winged petioles or sitting down; leaf blades elongated showel-like, wavy cut and wavy folded ..................................................................................................................................... 33. - V. sinuatum L.
29 The leaf blade of the basal leaves with a wedge-shaped, sometimes featheri-like devoted base ................. 30
29* The leaf blade of the basal leaves with a heart-shaped base ......................................................................... 31
30 Crown 5 - 10 mm in diameter ............................................................................... 32. - V. minutiflorum Stef.
30* Crown 15 - 30 mm in diameter ......................................................................................... 31. - V. chaixii VIII.
31 The crown on the outer surface covered with branched hairs ....................................................................... 32
31* The crown on the outer surface naked ........................................................................................................... 33
32 The leaf blade of the basal leaves in the base is asymmetrical, on the edge clear unevenly jagged. Inflorescence very branched ................................................................................................................... 28. - V. abietinum Borb.
32* The leaf blade of the basal leaves is symmetrical at the base, irregularly jagged on the edge. Inflorescence not branched or at the base slightly branched ................................................................................... 27. - V. nigrum L.
33 The base of the leaf petiole is strongly fibrous with bundles of long, thin, white hairs; the leaves below gray, densely turned into a rat .................................................................................................... 29. - V. lanatum Schrad.
33* The base of the leaf petiole without bundles of hairs; the leaves on both surfaces are equally green, slightly fibrous ............................................................................................................................... 30. - V. glabratum Friv.
34 The anthers of the two lower stamens slightly elongated and inclined against the stamen petiole ................. 35
34* The anthers of the two lower stamens, strong elongated and clearly running down on the stamen petiole …. 36
35 Papillaes on stamen petioles violet ...................................................................... 45.– V. anisophyllum Murb.
35* Papillaes on the stamen petioles white or yellowish .................................. 43. - V. dieckianum Borb. et Deg.
36 Papillaes on the stamen petioles violet or orange .......................................................................................... 37
36* Papillaes on the stamen petioles white or yellow .......................................................................................... 39
37 Papillaes orange ................................................................................................. 35. - V. crenatifolium Boiss.
37* Papillaes violet or at least some of them violet ............................................................................................. 38
38 The blossom petioles of the first blossoms 4 - 8 mm long, equal to the calyx ........ 44. - V. eriophorum Godr.
38* The blossom petioles of the first blossoms 10 - 16 mm long, 2 - 3 times longer than the calyx ........................................................................................................................................... 42. - V. longifolium Ten.
39 Stem leaves long running down through the stem to at least the next node .................................................... 40
39* Stem leaves not running down or very short running down on the stem ......................................................... 41
40 The blossom petioles longer than bracts. The basal leaves with a narrow not winged petiole ..................................................................................................................................... 40. - V. densiflorum Bertol.
40* Blossoms sitting down or almost sitting down. Basal leaves with winged petiole or sitting down ................................................................................................................................................. 41. - V. niveum Ten.
41 Base leaves entire or vague jagged .......................................................................... 42. - V. longifolium Ten.
41* Base leaves clearly jagged ........................................................................................................................... 42
42 Corolla without bright points .................................................................... 34. - V. lagurus Fisch. et al., Mey.
42* The corolla with bright points ....................................................................................................................... 43
43 Basal leaves double serrated .................................................................... 43. - V. dieckianum Borb. et Deg.
43* Bas leaves simply jagged and feathery-like cut ..................................................... 36 - 39. - V. phlomoides gr¹ Developed B. Stefanova-Gateva.
* When determining the plants, the root of the inflorescence is observed.
** When stinger petioles are covered up with papillae, they may be attached to the connector, but when they are naked, the top of the connector is always naked.From: „Флора на Република България”, том Х, БАН, София, (1995) * * *
Verbascum (/vɜːrˈbæskəm/[3]), common name mullein (sg. /ˈmʌlɪn/[4]) (also known as velvet plant), is a genus of about 360 species of flowering plants in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean[5][6].
Mullein or "mullein leaf" often refers to the leaves of Verbascum thapsus, the great or common mullein, which is frequently used in herbal medicine.Description
They are biennial or perennial plants, rarely annuals or subshrubs, growing to 0.5 to 3 metres (1.6 to 9.8 ft) tall. The plants first form a dense rosette of leaves at ground level, subsequently sending up a tall flowering stem. Biennial plants form the rosette the first year and the stem the following season. The leaves are spirally arranged, often densely hairy, though glabrous (hairless) in some species. The flowers have five symmetrical petals; petal colours in different species include yellow (most common), orange, red-brown, purple, blue, or white. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous minute seeds.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia * * *
Distribution in Bulgaria: (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.
Distribution:References: „Флора на Република България”, том Х, БАН, София, (1995), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
SPECIES:
Verbascum blattaria EN.html - Moth mullein
Verbascum davidovii EN.htm - No common english name known
Verbascum phlomoides EN.htm - Orange Mullein
Verbascum phoeniceum L. EN.html - Purple mullein or Temptress purple
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