Polygala major Jacq.
4—6. Група Голяма телчарка — P. Major
2001 (5). P. major Jacq., Fl. Austr. V (1778) 6; Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1867) 474; Chodat, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, XXXI, 2 (1893) 434, p. p.; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Pfcnins. Balc. I (1925) 593, p. p.; McNeill, Fl. Eur. II (1968) 233, p.p. — Голяма телчарка
Fam: Polygalaceae R. BR.
Genus: Polygala L.
Species: Polygala major Jacq.
English Name: no common name foundDescription: 4 - 6. Big Calf Group - P. major
Small shrubs to perennial herbaceous plants. Stems erect or ascending, at the base without leaf rosettes, often with sterile shoots only. Leaves back ovate to lance or linear, the basal (leaves) elliptic to shovel-shaped, shorter than the stems, most often drooping. Inflorescences upper, with many blossoms. The flowering bracts are fall off. Blossom petioles naked. Blossoms pink, blue to purple or white. Sepals more or less uniform in shape, the upper at the base not swollen, shorter than half of the wings. Corolla clearly longer than the wings, the tube longer than 2/3 of their length, curved upwards. Box at most up to half the length of the wings, oval to back pear-shaped, with the top shallowly concave, narrowly symmetrical wings, once or gradually narrowed by a carpophore. The seeds are oval, bristly fibrous, the segments of the seed appendage very uneven, 1/3 - 1/2 of their length.
1 Wings narrowly lance to narrowly lance back ovate, at the top with 1.0 - 1.5 mm long green little awn. Stem leaves narrowly linear to linear lance, at the base narrowly lance …………………………………….............................................………… ... 6. - P. acarnanica (Chodat) Skin. et Petrova
1* Wings ovate elliptical to back ovate elliptical, without or with a short to 0,5 mm brown little awn. Stem leaves lanceolate elliptic, basal spatulate or broadly elliptical ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2 The box is suddenly narrowed into an almost equal to it carpophor. Wings at flowering (9) 10 - 13 mm, at fruit 11 - 14 (15) mm long ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5. - P. major Jacq.
2* The box is gradually narrowed down to half the its length carpophor. The wings at flowering (5) 7 - 10 mm, at the fruit 10 - 12 mm long ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4. - P. anatolica Boiss. et Heldr.
2001 (5). P. major Jacq., Fl. Austr. V (1778) 6; Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1867) 474; Chodat, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, XXXI, 2 (1893) 434, p. p.; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Pfcnins. Balc. I (1925) 593, p. p.; McNeill, Fl. Eur. II (1968) 233, p.p. — Голяма телчарка
Perennial plant. Stems erect or ascending, (10) 20 - 35 (40) cm long, simple, often stiffened, few to numerous, with or without sterile shoots, short curly fibrous. Leaves (5) 10 - 25 (30) mm long, 1.5 - 2.5 (3.0) mm wide, narrowing to the base and top, lance, linearly lance or linear, with 1 not branched vein, bare on surface , along its vein and curved edge, short curly fibrous, falling down; basal shovel-shaped or back ovate. Inflorescences top, loose or dense, with (10) 30 - 40 (50) blossoms. Bracts 3 - 5 mm long, longer than the blossom petioles, lance, white membranous, drooping. Blossom petioles 2.0 - 2.5 (3.0) mm long, bare. Sepals (2.0) 3.0 - 5.0 (5.5) mm long, almost equal to each other or the upper slightly longer, straight, up to 1/4 - 1/3 of the length of the wings, lance to lance elliptical, marginally blunt, pink or white, to the top more or less ciliate; wings at flower 9 - 13 (14) mm long, 3 - 4 (5) mm wide, at fruit 11 - 14 (15) mm long, 3,5 - 5,0 (6,0) mm wide, longer and wider than the box, ovate elliptic to ovate-lance, at the top up to 0.5 mm long little awn at a base with or without short nail, with 3 - 5 strongly convex, end dichotomous veins, blue , pink, blue pink, white, dove, or purple. Corolla longer than wings, curved upwards, blue, pink, pale violet, columbine to white; the tube longer than 2/3 of the length of the wings, much longer than the free part of the petals; the latter at the base with short ears, straight; tuft with 2 - 3 bundles. The style equal to the carpellum or longer thereof. Stamen petioles up to 2/3 fused with the tube. The box pear-shaped, often roundly rectangular, symmetrically winged, slightly concave at the top, suddenly narrowed into a carpophor, almost equal to its length. Seeds 2.5 - 3.0 mm long, appendages very unequal to each other, lance, longer than 1/2 of their length.
Volatility
1 Stems at the base stiffened, with numerous sterile shoots. Inflorescences loose ................. var. bosniaca Chodat, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve XXXI, 2 (1893) 436; Hayek, Op. c. p. 594. Northeastern Bulgaria, Predbalkan, Middle Stara Planina, Znepolski region, Western Border Mountains, Pirin, Middle Rhodopes, Thracian Plain.
1* Stems at the base not burdened or slightly stiffened, without sterile shoots or with only 1 - 2 stems. Inflorescences dense ……….………………... var. major. Distributed ………........................................................................................................................................................................……. 2
2 Blossoms of blue or columbine ……………… f. azurea Pant., Verh. Ver. Nat. Heilk. Pressb. N. F. II (1871-2) 110. Predbalkan, Middle Stara Planina, Vitosha District (Vitosha, Plana), Pirin (North), Middle Rhodopes, Thracian Plain
2* Blossoms with a different color ............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
3 Blossoms white ………........................................................................…… .. f. albiflora Baumg., Enurn. Stirp.Transs. II (1846) 317. Distributed.
3* Pink to violet blossoms ………….....................................................................................……………………………….… f. major. Distributed.From: „Флора на Н Р България”, том VII, БАН, София, (1979) * * *
Polygala major Jacq. is an accepted name
This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Polygala (family Polygalaceae).
The record derives from WCSP (in review) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details: Fl. Austriac. 5: 6 1778.Synonyms:
See "Status", "Confidence level", "Source" for definitions.
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From: www.theplantlist.org › tpl › record › kew-2572719
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Flowering Time: Blooms: VI - VII, fruitful: VII - VIII.
Distribution in Bulgaria: Growing in meadows and grassy places, in lowlands and mountains. Widespread, from sea level up to 2000 m altitude. (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc. Distribution: Central and Southern Europe (west to Italy, north to southern Czechoslovakia), Western Siberia, Caucasus, Southwest Asia.
Conservation status and threats: not protected species in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Law. - Biological Diversity Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/zbran_22.08.15.pdf
Medical plant: yes, it is medical plant. - Medicinal Plants Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/ZLR_en.pdf
References: „Флора на Н Р България”, том VII, БАН, София, (1979), www.theplantlist.org › tpl › record › kew-2572719
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