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Saxifraga rotundifolia L.

Saxifraga rotundifolia L., Sp. PL ed. 1 (1753) 403; Hayek, Prodr.Fl. Penins. Balc. I (1925) 635; D. A. Webb, Fl. Eur. I (1964) 369  — Кръглолистна каменоломка

Fam:   Saxifragaceae Juss.
Genus:   Saxifraga L.
Species: Saxifraga rotundifolia L.
English Name: Round-leaved saxifrage

Description:

Perennial plant. Rhizome creeping, horizontal, solid, with a few rosettes and stems, with few remnants of old leaves. Stems erect or ascending, 20 - 50 (100) cm high, round, naked or fibrous. Leaves successive; the lowest leaves 25 - 75 mm long and 30 - 85 mm in clear width collected in rosette, kidney to almost round, heart-shaped at the base, suddenly or gradually pass 4 - 18 mm long fiber stem unequal, wholesale, rounded to triangular or finely serrated, jagged, irregular teeth, large, triangular, acute, rarely triangular lamina deeply palmate or hackly, each partition with three teeth narrow and clear gristly edge or without cartilage edge almost naked or green top, absently, bottom dark green to purple, densely fibrous, almost leadery. Stem leaves few, rounded to kidney triangular serrated or chopped, scattered fibrous, with stems. Flowering stems 15 - 70 (100) cm long, simple. glandular or mixed fiber to almost naked, in the basis bold, , on the top usually branched, rarely simple. Racemes loose, with many blossoms, rarely less concise, panicle with few blossoms, blossom twigs spread, rarely erect, densely absently simple or glandular pubescent. Bracts 3 - 4 mm long and 1 mm wide, linear lance, almost naked, simple or glandular pubescent. Pedicels about 2.5 cm long, often equal to calyx, usually densely glandular pubescent. Sepals 2 - 3 mm for long and 1 mm wide, almost to the fundamental freedoms extended to three triangular lance, tip pointed, entire, from the outside glandular pubescent, green, fruit spread, or at face not bent. Petals 5 - 11 mm long and 2.5 - 4.5 mm in clear width equal to each other, widely elliptic to oblong reverse ovate, entire, based in the base narrowed into a short claw, sometimes vague claw, white, usually with yellow at the base , up red spots,  2 - 4 times larger than the calyx. The stems of the stamens fibrous, slightly dilated at the base, anthers yellow. Box 4.5 - 6 mm long and 3 - 4 mm wide, ovate to extended ovoid, (perfectly fine ward-like) pedicles spread. Seed (0.5) 0,8 - 0.9 mm long, ovate extended, perfectly fine ward-like, dark brown to black black-brown.

volatility

1.  Leaves a clear cartilage edge subsp. rotundifolia ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
1* Leaves no cartilage edge. . . subsp. chrysosplenifolia (Boiss.) D. A. Webb, comb, et st.n. ; S. chrysosplenifolia Boiss., Diagn. PI. Or. Nov. ser. 1, III (1843) 20; Engl, et Irrasch., Pflanzenreich IV, 117 (1916) 195; Hayek, op. c., 636; D. A. Webb, Fl. Eur. I (1964) 369; S. rotundifolia var. chrysosplenifolia (Boiss) Stoj. et Stef., FL . Bulgarian ed . 1 , I (1924) 550 ……...............……….....................................................................................................................………4
2. The leaves suddenly narrowed to handle. Petals to 8 mm long .............................................................................................................................................. 3
2*  Leaves at the base gradually narrowed in handle. Petals up to 11 mm long . ........... . var. heucherifolia (Griseb. et Schenk) Engl., Mon. Sax. (1872) 116; S. heucherifolia Griseb. et Schenk, Arch. Naturg. (Berlin) XVIII (1852) 317; Vel., Fl. Bulg. Suppl. I (1898) 116; Hayek, op. c. 636; D. A. Webb, op. c. 369. Western and Central Stara Planina. Vitosha region (Vitosha), Pirin, Rila, West and Central Rhodopes mountains.
3.    Plants to 20 cm tall stems usually leafless. Petals numerous dots. .... . var. geoides Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rum. Bithyn. I (184b) 336; S. rotundifolia var. heufelii auct. Stoyan. Steph . 1. c.; S. olympica auct. bulg. non Boiss.; S. rotundifolia var. taygetea auct. bulg. non Boiss. Central Stara Planina, Pirin, Rila mountains.
3*   Plants taller than 20 - 70 (100) cm leafy stems. Petals usually thin dots. ............ . var. rotundifolia. Stara Planina, Vitosha region (Vitosha) Znepolski region (Paramunska mountain) West Frontier-, Belasitza, Slavianka, Pirin, Rila, Rhodopes mountains, Tundzha hilly plain ( Sakar mountain).
4.   Petals with red dots. Leaves sharply toothed or fine toothed. Stem and leaves densely covered with articulated hairs . ... . var. rhodopea (Vel.) D. A. Webb, comb, et st. a. **; S. rhodopea Vel., Fl. Bulg. (1891) 645; S. chrysosplenifolia var. rhodopea Vel., Fl. Bulg. Suppl. I (1898) 116; Engl, et Irmsch., 1. c. Western (Eli dere), Medium- (Asenovgradsko, Bachkovo) and Eastern- (Charmanlii) Rhodopes.
Lectotype: Ad Stanimaka V (1891), leg. Stribrnyi (PRC!)
4*   Petals without red dots. Leaves rounded serrated. Leaves and stem seeding fiber to almost naked ……..................var. chrysosplenifolia. Pirin mountain.

Note: This species is highly variable in terms serrated segmentation and size of the leaves, the presence or absence of cartilage rim, the base of the leaf lamina and his passing in petiole size and leafy stem, shape and color of the petals, the presence and number of dots on them, etc., which led to the release of a significant number of species and intraspecific taxa (see Boissier, 1872; Halascy, 1901). As on the Balkans peninsula these variations are most pronounced and transitional forms between many  (so heucherifolia shows characteristic pecualirity of leaf edge and base of leaf lamina near chrysosplenifolia, and rhodopea is a transition between rotundifolia and chrysosplenifolia) is adopted the concept of D. A. Webb carve two subspecies and four varieties.

Flowering Time: Blooms VI - IX, fruitful VIII-X.

References: „Флора на НР България”, том IV, БАН, София, (1970)

Distribution in Bulgaria: From shady moist woods and rocky places, on the mountain swampy and peat meadows near cliffs and mountain streams in the foothills and mountains. Stara Planina Znepolski district Vitosha region, Western Frontier-, Belasitza, Slavianka, Pirin, Rila, Rhodopes, mountains, Tundzha hilly plain, from 100 to 2700 m altitude. (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.

Distribution: Central and Southern Europe, Southwest Asia (Asia Minor), the Caucasus.

Conservation status and threats:  not protected species in Bulgaria by theBiodiversity Law. Законодателство на Република България: Закон за биологичното разнообразие