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Solanum luteum Mill.

Solanum luteam Mill., Gar. Diet., ed. 8 (1768) 3; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc., II (1929) 101; Hawkes, Edmonds, Fl. Eur., Ill (1972) 197; S. nigrum var. villosum L., Sp. PL, ed. 1(1753) 196; Стоян., Стеф., Китан., Фл. Бълг., изд. 4, II (1967) 942; S. nigrum var. villosum (Lam.) Stoj. et Stef., Фл. Бълг., изд. 1, II (1925) 980; S. villosum Lam., Tabl. Encycl., II (1798) 18 — Жълто кучешко грозде

Fam:  Solanaceae Juss. 
Genus: Solanum L. 
Species: Solanum luteum Mill.
English Name: Yellow nightshade.

Description:

Annual plants. Stems 15 - 50 cm tall, 1.5 - 3.5 mm in diameter, erect, branches at the top, rarely from the base or simple, entirely and branches with thin rounded, toothless ribs, greens, rarely covered at the bottom of a pale violet  densely to absently spread, simple short and long glandular hairs. Leaves on 0.5 - 2.5 cm long, absently, spread just fibrous handles; lamina from 1.5 - 6.5 (-7) cm long, 1.0 - 4.5 cm wide, ovate lanceolate, broadly ovate or rhombic -ovate, rounded to wedge-shaped at the base, sliding down just to 1 /3 of the base of the handle, short tapered, rarely blunt tip, entire to shallow cut jagged, densely pubescent to idly spread on both surfaces, rarely with outstretched cloth only veins, Inflorescences umbel-like with 3 - 5 (7) blossoms, single, located outside the axils of the leaves; inflorescences axis 5 - 20 mm long, spread thickly simple and glandular, in mature fruits from the base wrapped snail-like. Blossom stems equal to or longer than inflorescent axis, covered thickly spread with short fibrous single long glandular hairs. Calyx 1.2 - 2.5 mm long, idly spread fibrous, sometimes with single glandular hairs; shares equal to 1.5 times longer than the tube, oblong or ovate triangular; in mature fruit low  growing, outwards or close to the bottom of the fruit. Corolla 9 - 17 mm in diameter, 3.5 - 5 times longer than the calyx, white; shares lance triangular, scattered to densely fibrous edge. Anthers 1.5 - 2.5 mm long yellow. Fruit 6 - 11 mm in diameter, round to elongated ovoid, usually wider than long, pale yellow to orange. Seeds from 1.4 - 1.8 long mm, 1.2 - 1.3 mm in clear width, nearly reniform, basically slightly leggy, pale yellow to yellow, rarely white, with more or less shallow wells on the surface .

Flowering Time: Blooms: VI - IX, fruitful: VII - X.

References: „Флора на НР България”, том IX, БАН, София, (1989)

Distribution in Bulgaria: In places with weeds and degraded areas, along roads, settlements, hedges of fields, railroads, often in crops, vineyards and orchards. Wide spread, from sea level up to about 1000 m altitude. (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.

Distribution: Central and Southeastern Europe, Mediterranean, Southwest Asia and the Caucasus.

Conservation status and threats:  not protected species in Bulgaria by theBiodiversity Law. Законодателство на Република България: Закон за биологичното разнообразие