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Trifolium icarnatum L.

1819 (36). T. icarnatum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 769; Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins. Balc. I (1926) 866; Стоян, Сборн. БАН 26 (1930) 85; Бобров, Фл. Сист. Bыcш. раст. VI (1947) 277; Coombe, fl Eur. II (1968) 168 — Инкарнатка

Fam: Leguminosae Juss. (Fabaceae)
Genus: Trifolium L.
Species: Trifolium icarnatum L.
English Name: Crimson clover, Italian clover

Description:

Biennial to an annual plant. Stems single to many, (10.0) 20.0 - 40.0 (50.0) cm tall, erect, ascending to half lying, thin or on thick up to hollow, frequently in the nodes narrow, simple or more or little branched, outspread to semi recumbent, more or less fibrous, rarely almost bare. Stipule ovate, serrated edge short, in basis without ears, the tip blunted or short-pointed, up to 2/3 of its length fused with 3 - 6 branched towards the top green veins, tunicates or grasses, fibrous spread equal to the petiole or mostly the middle stem much shorter. Stems on middle leaves long, filamentary, much longer than the leaflets, the upper much shorter, all more or less spread short fibrous. Leaflets (5.0) 8.0 - 20.0 (25.0) mm long and (6.0) 9.0 - 15.0 mm wide, heart-shaped or ovate broad back, back lance wedge or almost circular in upper 1/3 - 1/2 short serrated tip more or less concave or targets with 9 - 12 straight, some to the top dichotomous branching veins, on both sides long semi outspread soft fibrous, all equal, to 0.5 mm long fibrous stems. Inflorescence stems thick, straight, up to 3 times longer than in flower heads and leaves. Heads 10.0 - 30.0 (40.0) mm long, extended ovate to cylindrical, thick or thin, single. Flowers 12.0 - 14.0 mm long, slightly outstretched regarding inflorescences axis, sessile, without bracts. Calyx 6.0 - 8.0 mm long; the tube fusiform cylindrical, with 10 protruding veins, densely spread his long hairy, whitish, throat densely long white fiber; styliform teeth triangular, almost equal to each other, the upper equal to tube or 2 times longer than her, long outstretched fiber, in the beans more or less spread out. Corolla purple red meat, pink or yellowish to white, after overblown brown to maroon, up to 2 times longer than the calyx. Flag 1/3 longer than the wings, lance elliptical, generally in the lower third narrower claw smoothly. Wings longer than the keels with a lance elliptical, up to 2 times shorter than the leaf blade of the nail, long tongue wedge or elliptical lance, 4 - 6 times shorter than the nail. The keel with rhombic elliptical to 1/2 shorter than the nails of the leaf blade, tongue missing . Beans ovoid, 1 - 2-seed, completely closed in the calyx, webbed.

volatility

1    Stems naked or slightly fibrous, 35.0 - 50.0 cm tall, erect or basically ascending. Fibrous leaflets. Corolla red meat or purple. The upper teeth of the calyx equal to the tube or. slightly longer ...................................... .............................. subsp. incarnatum; Coombe, 1. c .; T. incarnatum var. elatius Gib. et Belli, Mem. Acad.Sci. Tor. II (39) (1883) 54; Hayek, I.c. Distributed within the species area ………………...................... ....... 2
1*   Stems thick fibrous, up to 30.0 cm high, ascending. Corolla pale yellow to pink, densely fibrous leaflets. The upper teeth of the calyx 1.5 - 2 times longer than the tube ............................... ................................... subsp .molinerii (Balb. ex Hornem.) Syme in Sowerby, Engl. Bot. ed. 3, III (1864) 45; Combe, 1. c .; T. molinerii Balb. ex Hornem., Cat. Ac. Taur. (1843) app. 1; T. incarnatum var. molinerii (Balb. ex Hornem.) DC., Fl. Fr. v. (1805) 556; Stoyan. Steph., Fluoro. Bul. II (1925) 646. Widespread.
2    Stems narrowed in the nodes ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2* Not narrowed stems in knots ............ .. var. incarnatum; Stoyan. Steph., China., Fluoro. Bul. Izd.4, P (1967) 609; T. incarnatum var. elatius Gib. et Belli, Mem. Acad. Sci. Tor. II (39) (1893) 54; Hayek, 1. c. Widespread.
3   Plants high up 15.0 centimeters, the stems straight, thin ...... var. minor Kož., var. n. in Addenda. Sofia region (the Bank), Rila (Samokov).
3* Plants high 25.0 - 50.0 cm. The stems at the base upward ............ Var. intermedium Kož .., in Addenda. Danubian Plain, Sofia region, Middle forest Thracian valley.

Economic importance. Plant with good forage qualities especially as haymaking. Rich in vitamins.

Note: In Bulgaria there are a number of transitions between the two subspecies that are not observed in Northwest Europe (Coombe, 1. a.), Some of which are described varieties. These transitions affect cited by many authors as stable traits of the two subspecies, the ratio calyx - corolla, color of the corolla, cover with cloth the stem.
„Флора на НР България”, том VI, БАН, София, (1976)

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Trifolium incarnatum, known as crimson clover[1] or Italian clover, is a species of clover in the family Fabaceae, native to most of Europe. The species name incarnatum means "blood red".
This upright annual herb grows to 20-50 cm tall, unbranched or branched only at the base. The leaves are trifoliate with a long petiole, each leaflet hairy, 8-16 mm across, with a truncated or bilobed apex. The flowers are produced throughout the spring and summer, rich red or crimson, congested on an elongated spike inflorescence 3-5 cm tall and 1.5 cm broad; the individual flowers are up to 10-13 mm long and have five petals. The banner of each flower does not sit upright, but folds forward.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Flowering Time: Blooms: V - VII, fruitful VI - VIII.

References: „Флора на НР България”, том VI, БАН, София, (1976), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Distribution in Bulgaria: Grow in meadows and shrub found in the lowlands, foothills to the middle mountain zone. Circulated to 1200 m altitude. (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.

Distribution: Southern and Western Europe, Mediterranean. Widely cultivated in Central and Eastern Europe.
As adventitious in Central and East Asia, North America, the Caucasus.

Conservation status and threats: not protected species in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Law. - Biological Diversity Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/zbran_22.08.15.pdf

Medical plant: not Medicinal Plants Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/ZLR_en.pdf

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