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Trifolium pannonicum Jacq.

1836 (53). T. pannonicum Jacq., Obs. Bot. II (1867) 21; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc. I (1926) 870; Стоян., Сборн. БАН 26 (1930) 113; Бобров, Фл. Сист. Высш. раст. VI (1947) 268; Coombe, Fl. Eur. II (1968) 171 — Панонска детелина

Fam: Leguminosae Juss. (Fabaceae)
Genus: Trifolium L.
Species: Trifolium pannonicum Jacq.
English Name: Hungarian clover

Description:

Perennial. Rhizome short. Often more or less tussock-sismilar plant, sometimes basically with shorter or longer sterile shoots. Stems single or several, 15.0 - 50.0 (70.0) cm tall, erect, ascending to semi bell shaped, basically, more or less woodened, simple or sparsely branching, scattered fitting or semi outspread fibrous. Stipule linear or linear lance, long linear styliform drained in grassy peak, entire, without ears, 1/3 - 1/2 fused with petiole, with 2 - 3 purple or green, protruding veins, especially on edge and veins spread scattered fibrous equal to or leaf stalks up to 2 times shorter than them. Stem stems on the lower leaves up to 1.5 longer than the leaves, many times stems at the base with rosette similar bundle of smaller leaves. Leaflets (20.0) 40.0 - 60.0 (70.0) mm long and 7.0 - 10.0 mm wide, lanceolate, lance elliptic, elliptic to ovate elliptical back, entire, tip or longer shorter tapered, entire, rounded, or concave, with (8) 12 - 20 (25) straight, from its middle branched, more or less protruding streaks, almost sessile. Heads 20.0 - 50.0 (70.0) mm long, single, peak located on the shorter of them subsequently extension is 40.0 - 80.0 mm long, up to 4 times longer than in inflorescence leaves densely semi outspread hairy inflorescences stems. Flowes 20.0 - 25.0 mm long, significantly diverted from inflorescences axis or semi-erect, sessile, without bracts. Calyx 8.0 - 10.0 mm long, green or reddish; bell similar tube, slightly yellowish, with 10 bulging veins spread densely hairy, throat tickened ring and a ring of hairs; teeth unequal to each other, a linear styliform, green with 1 streak, the core is often triangular with 1 - 3 stripped atop whitish, more or less horny glandular, the upper level of the tube of the calyx, the lower 1 - 2 times longer than it initially retracted in the beans more or less spread. Corolla whitish yellow, after overblown brown, up to 2 times longer than the calyx. Lance flag, to the middle broadened the base narrowed into a short claw, 1/3 longer than the wings, slightly longer than the keel, smooth, on top of all. Wings with elliptical, 2 times shorter than the nail leaf blade, tongue 4 - 5 times shorter than the nail, wide. The keel with elliptical back ovoid, 2 times shorter than the leaf blade nails, tongue missing. Beans ovoid, monocotyledon the top cartilage.

Volatility

1    Plants 15.0 - 20.0 cm tall. Stems numerous, elongated, low lying to ascending, with sterile shoots, at the base woodened. Leaves mostly basal. Elliptical leaflets, identical, atop deep concave .... subsp. jurkovskii Kož., subsp. n. in Addenda. Central Stara Planina (Kazanlak).
1* Plants 25.0 - 70.0 cm tall, without sterile shoots or with very short ones. Stems 1 - 4 (5), erect or basically bullish not woodened. Leaves even distributed. Leaflets of elliptically lanceolate to lanceolate acute, sometimes only those of the lower more or less on top concave subsp. Pannonicum ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
2    The tube of the calyx and teeth reddish .... var. rubricalicinum Podp., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. LII (1902) 646; Hayek, 1. c .; Stoian., Op. c. p. 115. Middle Rhodopes (Persenk).
2*   The tube of the calyx and teeth green ...................................................................................................................... .................................. 3
3   The leaflets of upper stem leaves elliptical lanceolate, rounded or short-pointed, 20.0 - 50.0 mm long and 20.0 mm wide; basal smaller and the top concave ………. var. davidovii Kož., var. n. in Addenda. Widespread.
3*   The leaflets of upper stem leaves sharp lancet, 30.0 - 70.0 mm long and 20.0 - 40.0 mm wide, equal to the lower …… var. pannonicum. Widespread ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
4    Leaflets to 20.0 mm wide ...................................................................................................................................... f. pannonica. Widespread.
4* Leaflets 25.0 - 40.0 mm wide . . . ….. f. latifolium (Schur) A. Nyar., Fl. R. P. Rom. V (1957) 217; T. pannonicum α latifolium Schur, Enum. PI. Transs. (1866) 155 Northeastern Bulgaria (Varna, Razgrad).

Note. Var. davidovii is close with recurrent species T. canescens Willd. and T. caucasicum Tausch, growing in the alpine zone of the Caucasus, but his belonging to T. pannonicum supported by linear free part of the stipule, tapered calyx teeth, big blossoms (25.0 mm), not so many veins, as they are at the stipule of T. canescens and flag, although blunted, which is not indented at the top. Var. davidovii with their smaller heads, leaf contour and longer handles cluster stems in many ways reminiscent subsp. elongatum Willd., Sp. PI. ed. 3 (1800) 1369 from Southwest Asia - obviously convergent him form.
From „Флора на НР България”, том VI, БАН, София, (1976)

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Trifolium pannonicum is a species of clover known by the common name Hungarian Clover.[1][2]
Description
Trifolium pannonicum is a perennial non-climbing clump-forming herb with lanceolate, dark green leaves. The upright hairy stem can reach a height of about 40–80 centimetres (16–31 in). It bears ovoid spike inflorescences of cream or pale yellow flowers, about 2.5 cm long, blooming in late Spring and mid Summer.
Distribution
This species is native to Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey and Ukraine.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Flowering Time: Blooms: VI - VIII, fruitful: VII - IX

References: „Флора на НР България”, том VI, БАН, София, (1976)., Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Distribution in Bulgaria: Grow in open grasslands and open woodlands and shrub in the mountains. Widespread up to 1500 m altitude. (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.

Distribution: Central and Eastern Europe (west to northern Italy), the Caucasus (Transcaucasia), Southwest Asia.

Conservation status and threats: no protected species in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Law. - Biological Diversity Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/zbran_22.08.15.pdf

Medical plant: yes, it is - Medicinal Plants Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/ZLR_en.pdf

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