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Trifolium purpureum Loisel

1832 (49). T. purpureum Loisel., Fl. Gall. (1807) 484; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc. I (1926) 867; Стоян., Сборн. БАН 26 (1930) 84; Coombe, Fl. Eur. II (1968) 170; Exs.: PI. Bulg. Exsicc. № 460 — Пурпурна детелина

Fam: Leguminosae Juss. (Fabaceae)
Genus: Trifolium L.
Species: Trifolium purpureum Loisel
English Name: Purple clover

Description:

Annuals plants. Stems single or few (10.0) 20.0 - 40.0 (60.0) cm tall, erect or ascending, simple or more or less branched, especially in upper part off-standing or poorly outspread long fibrous. Stipule linear lance, the upper shorter and ovoid lance, white, tunicates, with peak styliform, entire without ears, 1/2 - 2/3 of its length fused with petiole, with 2 - 5 green protruding veins, longer than petiole equal to it or mostly lower 1 (2) times shorter, scattered snagged, especially veins, fibrous. Leaves more or less fibrous fitting, all consecutive. Petiole shorter than the leaflets. Leaflets (10.0) 20.0 - 40.0 (60.0) mm long and 2.0 - 4.0 (10.0) mm wide, linear, linear lance, closely elliptical back, ovate, collected, often along its folded, the top short serrated and sharp, with 5 - 12 (16) unclear, unbranched lateral veins on both sides of a long-fitting fibrous, often twisted hairs, all of about 1.0 mm long stems. Inflorescences stems shorter than heads and in inflorescence leaf, spread or off-standing semi fiber. Heads 20.0 - 50.0 (80.0) mm long, ovoid conical, cylindrical or ovoid oval cylindrical outer located. The flowers are numerous, 16.0 - 25.0 mm long, a little diverted to perpendicular with beans of inflorescences axis, sessile, without bracts. Calyx 10.0 - 16.0 mm in length, with 10 veins; tube pale green, bell-shaped throat thickened and a ring of cloth spread long fibrous and glandular calloused; teeth linear lance, more or less rough with each other, the lower 2 times longer than the tube and the other, green, edge glandular calloused edge and spread to the top of a long fiber in beans spread. Corolla light red purple, after overblown brown, up to 2 times longer than the calyx. Flag 1/3 longer than the wings, smooth, elliptical lance back in the middle wedge narrowed slightly. With elliptical wings, a little shorter than stranded claw leaf blade, tongue 6 - 7 times higher than short nails. The keel with elliptical oval, 1 - 1.5 times shorter than the leaf blade nails, tongue missing. Beans back ovoid, monocotyledon, webbed, deep in the closed tube.

Volatility

1   Stems over 20.0 cm tall, branched, often straight. Heads 30.0 - 60.0 (80.0) mm long. Flowers 16.0 - 25.0 mm long, about 2 times longer than the calyx. Leaflets 25.0 - 40.0 (50.0) mm long, lance or linear lance .... subsp. purpureum. Distributed within the species ....................................... 2
1* Stems to 20.0 cm tall, simple or sparsely branched. Heads 20.0 - 30.0 mm long, ovoid tapered, ovoid or short oval cylindrical. Flowers 12.0 -15.0 mm long, to a time longer than the calyx. Leaflets to 25.0 mm long, narrow elliptic,closely back ovoid elliptical ...................... subsp. desvauxii (Boiss. et Blanche) Kož., st. n .; T. desvauxii Boiss. et Blanche, Diagn. PI. Nov. 2 ser. II (1856) 12; T. purpureum var. desvauxii (Boiss. et Blanche) Bornm., Beih. Bot. Cont. 31 (1914) 202. Black Sea coast, the East Balkan Mountains, Struma valley.
2   Leaflets 5.0 - 10.0 mm wide, elliptical lance ..... f. latifoliola Kož., f. n. in Addenda. Black Sea Coast, Eastern Rhodopes Thracian valley.
2*   Leaflets up to 5.0 mm wide, linear lance ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
3     Stems simple, ascending ….......................................................................… f. simplex Kož., f. n. in Addenda. Distributed within the species.
3*   Stems highly branched, straight ………..........................................................................……… f. purpureum. Distributed within the species.

Note. Subsp. desvauxii is widespread in the eastern Mediterranean, Southwest Asia and North Africa. Habitual significantly differs from the typical subspecies.

Flowering Time: Blooms: V - VII, fruitful: VII - IX.

References: „Флора на НР България”, том VI, БАН, София, (1976)

Distribution in Bulgaria: Grow in dry grass, rarely sandy places in the lowlands, foothills and mountains. Coast, northeastern Bulgaria, Eastern and Central Stara Planina Znepolski area Struma Valley, Valley River. Places Pirin, Slavyanka, Rila, Sredna Gora (East), Rhodopes, Thracian Lowland, Tundzha hilly plain, Strandzha, 1100 m altitude. (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.

Distribution: Southern Europe, Mediterranean, northwestern Africa, Southwest Asia.

Conservation status and threats: not protected species in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Law. - Biological Diversity Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/zbran_22.08.15.pdf

Medical plant: it is not - Medicinal Plants Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/ZLR_en.pdf

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Kresna Gorge; From 6 x 6 cm color slide

E-mail: krnanev@gmail.com

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