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Verbascum blattaria L.

Verbascum blattaria L., Sp. PI. ed. 1 (1753) 178; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc. II (1929) 130; Murb., Lunds Univ. Arsskr. nov. ser. XXIX, 2 (1933) 560; Fergus., Fl. Eur. Ill (1972) 208; Hub.-Mor., Fl. Turkey VI (1978) 491; V repandum Willd., Enum. PI. Horti Berol. I (1809) 225; Vel., Fl. Bulg. (1891) 411 - Обикновен лопен

Fam: Scrophulariaceae Juss.
Genus: Verbascum L.
Species: Verbascum blattaria L.
English Name: moth mullein
Description:

Annual or biennial. Green plant, covered with glandular hairs. Stem erect upstairs, 30-120 cm tall, the bottom of a cylindrical at the top ribbed, usually unbranched, rarely branched in the top part of several rainbow-shaped curved up twigs. The lowest leafs 6 - 10 cm long, 4 - 6 cm wide, oblong, blunt, sessile or with short stems, serrated to pinnated divided often wavy corrugated. Low leaves sessile like the lowest; extended upper triangular lance-shaped to oval, pointed at the base heart-shaped, semi amplexicaul, jagged. Blossms arranged singly, forming a cluster. Bracts 7 - 22 мм long, oval-lance, pointed, finely dentate, shorter than blossom stems without side little bracts. Pedicels 5 - 25 мм long, 2 - 5 times longer than the calyx. Calyx 4 - 8 mm long, divided to the base; shares close spear, sharp. Corolla 25 - 40 mm diameter, yellow to almost white, not bright points, outside covered it with glandular hairs inside naked, basically above shares with dark spots and purple buds. Stamens 5; stems covered with purple papillae, the lower 2 - longer, thick, naked in the upper third, the top 3 totally covered with papillae, the middle upper considerably shorter, anthers unequal; the lower two stamens elongated, downwards in stamen stems; the upper 2 kidney, the short stamen anther globular. The column about 10 mm long at the base of glandular hairs, just graduated with broadly ovate stigma. Box spherical, 5-8 mm diameter, glandular wooly, up to 2 times longer than the calyx. Seed about 0.8 mm long, conical prism, with 4 - 6 wells in longitudinal rows.
Variability:
1 Pedicels 3-5 times longer than the calyx ………………… 2
1 * Colorful handles up to 2 times longer than the calyx …3
2 Unbranched plant var. blattaria. Widespread.
2 * branched plant var. blattariiorme (Griseb.) Hal., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien XLVIII (1898) 146; V. blattariforme Griseb., Spicil. Fl. Rum. Bith. II (1844) 41; V. repandum auct. Griseb., 1. c. Danubian Plain (Lom, Oryahovsko) and Thracian Valley (Harmanliysko).
3 Corolla 25 - 30 mm diameter var. brevipedicilatum Hal., Oster. Bot. Zeitschr. XLII (1892) 419. Coast (Varna, Aladza monastery).
3 * Corolla 40 mm in diameter var. megalantha Stef., Izv. Bot. Inst. XVI (1966) 228.
Coast (Primorsko) Znepolski region (Tran).

From „Флора на Република България”

The moth mullein is a biennial plant. In its first year of growth, the leaves of the mullein develop as a basal rosette. During this first year, the stem of the plant remains extremely short. The leaves of the rosette are oblanceolate with deeply toothed edges and are attached to the stem by short petioles. The rosette can grow to a diameter of sixteen inches during this first year, with each individual leaf reaching a length of up to eight inches. The mullein forms a fibrous root system with a deep taproot.[5]
In the second year of growth, the stem of the mullein grows slender and erect, and can reach a height of 2 to 5 feet. This length of stem is commonly referred to as the flowering stem. It usually grows unbranched, and leaves grow alternatively directly off the stem.[6] The leaves located on the flowering stem are similar to the leaves of the rosette: however they tend to be smaller and elliptic-shaped with shallow-toothed edges and have sharply pointed tips. Theses leaves can reach a length of five inches. Both the leaves of the rosette and the leaves of the flowering stem are dark green in color and glabrous (hairless).[7]
The flowers of the moth mullein are produced during the second year of growth, and are found in loose clusters near the top of the flowering stem. Each flower is attached individually to the flowering stem by a pedicel. Each pedicel typically reaches a length of less than one inch. The flowers of the mullein consist of five petals and five anther-bearing stamens, and each flower can reach a diameter of one inch. The flowers can be either yellow or white and typically have a slight purple tinge. The stamens of the flower are orange in color and are covered in purple hairs, reminiscent to a moth’s antennae.[5] The flowers of the mullein bloom between June and October of the second year.[3]
The moth mullein grows a small, simple fruit that is spherical in shape and has a diameter of less than a half-inch. Each fruit is dark brown in color and contains numerous dark brown seeds. The fruit capsule splits in two and falls to the ground when mature.[8] Each plant produces over 1,000 fruit capsules. The fruit of the mullein develops, matures, and falls from the plant all in the second year of growth. In certain regions of the world, finches have been known to consume and distribute the seeds.[5]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Flowering Time: Blooms VI-VII, fruitful VII-X.

References:

„Флора на Република България”, том Х, БАН, София, (1995); From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Distribution in Bulgaria: These plants are growing in dry grassy and waste places among weeds in the bushes along roads and ditches, ruderal in lowlands and mountains from sea level up to about 1,000 m altitude.

Distribution: Europe (excluding Scandinavia peninsula, Finland, the Baltic States), Central and Southwest Asia, Western Mediterranean.

An invasive species native to Eurasia and North Africa, it has naturalized in the United States and most of Canada since its introduction.[1] It has been declared a noxious weed by the state of Colorado.[2]

Conservation status and threats: not protected species in Bulgaria by theBiodiversity Law. Законодателство на Република България: Закон за биологичното разнообразие .

Medical plant it is not med. plant in Bulgaria - http://lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2134916096

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