Viola biflora L.

2081 (18). V. biflora L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 936; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc. I (1925) 508; Valent. Merxm. et A. Schmidt, Fl. Eur. II (1968) 276 — Двуцветна теменуга

Fam:   Violaceae Batsch
Genus:   Viola L.
Species: Viola biflora L.
English Name: Alpine yellow-violet, Arctic yellow violet, or Twoflower violet

Description:

Perennial plant. The root covered with fleshy whitish flakes - residues of the leaf bases of rosette leaves. Stems most often single, erect or raised, thin, delicate, glabrous, with 2 - 3 internodes, 3 - 20 cm high. Leaves in basal rosette and stem, light green, thin, shallowly obtusely toothed, glabrous or with short, thin, bristly hairs on the edge, upper surface and below, mostly on the veins; rosette 1 - 4, broadly kidney-shaped to rounded, heart-shaped, at the base, obtuse at the apex, 1.5 - 5.0 cm long, 2.0 - 5.5 cm wide, with 2 - 6 times longer than the leaf blades petioles; stem leaves 2 - 3, kidney-shaped or broadly heart-shaped, heart-shaped at the base, obtuse at the apex or shortly pointed at the top, decreasing in size from bottom to top, with short petioles and leaf blades. Stipules of rosette leaves pale yellow, membranous, ovate-lance, 3 - 6 mm long, 2 - 3 mm wide, pointed, rarely obtuse, entire or along the edge with short, small teeth; on the stem leaves pale green, leathery, lance, 3 - 4 mm long, 1 - 2 mm wide, entire, glabrous or sparsely fibrous at the edge. Flower petioles 0.5 - 6.0 (8.0) cm long, glabrous, thin, with barely noticeable bracts above the middle. Flowers 1 - 3, single in the axils of the middle and upper stem leaves, back ovate to trapezoidal, 12 - 15 mm high and 10 - 12 mm wide, odorless. Sepals linear-lance or lanceolate, with appendages 5 - 7 mm long, 0.75 - 1.50 mm wide, pointed, glabrous or along the edge with sparse ciliated hairs; appendages rounded, indistinctly toothed, shorter than 1 mm. Petals yellow, narrowly ovate, upper and lateral almost identical, 5 - 10 mm long, 2 - 5 mm wide; the upper ones spread upwards and sideways; lateral without lashes at the base, with 1 - 3 brown longitudinal veins, directed sideways and to the upper ones (overlapping them slightly); the lower one together with the spur 8 - 15 mm long, 4 - 7 mm wide, rounded at the top, at the base with 3 - 5 (7) brown veins. Spur straight, short, broad, baggy, yellow, 1.0 - 1.5 mm long, 1.5 - 2 times longer than the calyx appendages. The style back bottle-shaped, extended at the apex; stigma bipartite. The petiole of the fruit straight. The box is yellow-green to pale brown, oblong-ovate, 4 - 7 mm long, 3 - 4 mm wide, naked. Seeds brown, broadly ovate, pointed, about 2 mm long, 1.0 - 1.5 mm wide; appendage short.

It is indicated for Vitosha (Vel., 1891; Urum., 1930).

From:   „Флора на Н Р България”, том VII, Изд. на Б А Н, София, (1979)

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Viola biflora is a species of the genus Viola. It is also called alpine yellow-violet,[1] arctic yellow violet,[2] or twoflower violet. It is found in Europe, Siberia, Central Asia, Pakistan, western and northern China, North Korea, Japan, and Western North America.[3]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Viola biflora L. is an accepted name

This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Viola (family Violaceae).
From:  
www.theplantlist.org › tpl › record › kew-2464036

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Flowering Time: Blooms: VI - VIII, fruitful VII - IX.

References: „Флора на Н Р България”, том VII, Изд. на Б А Н, София, (1979), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, www.theplantlist.org › tpl › record › kew-2464036

Distribution in Bulgaria: Growing in moist, rocky, often overgrown with moss places in the highlands. Central Stara Planina, Pirin, Rila, Western Rhodopes, from 1700 to 2800 m altitude. (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.

Distribution: Europe, Asia, North America.

Conservation status and threats: not protected species in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Law. - Biological Diversity Act -    http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/zbran_22.08.15.pdf

Medical plant: no, it is not -Medicinal Plants Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/ZLR_en.pdf

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