Viola canina L.

2076 (13). V. canina L., Sp. pi. ed. 1 (1753) 935 p.p. emend. Reichenb., Pl. Grit. I (1823) 60, non Ging. in DC., Prodr. I (1824) 298; Hayek, Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc. I (1925) 506; Boiss., Fl. Or. I (1867) 459; Valent. Merxm. et A. Schmidt, Fl. Eur. II (1968) 274 — Кучешка теменуга

Fam:   Violaceae Batsch
Genus:   Viola L.
Species: Viola canina L.
English Name: Heath dog violet or Heath violet

Description:

Perennial plant. Rhizome short, branched, develops several raised, rarely upright or recumbent, bare or short, scattered fibrous, 5 - 20 (30) cm tall stems, without a rosette of leaves at the base. Leaves dense, matt green or light green, thin, hearth-shaped ovate to oblong-ovate, truncated at the base or with a shallow cut, small obtuse toothed, narrowed from the middle upwards with a slightly convex, straight or slightly concave edge at an acute, obtuse or pointed tip glabrous or sparsely short-fibrous; lower 0.6 - 1.7 cm long, 05 - 1.6 cm wide with 1.5 - 3 times longer petiole than the leaf blade; the middle 1.3 - 4.0 cm long, 1.0 - 2.5 cm wide, with petiole up to 2 times longer than the leaf blade, and the upper 1.7 - 3.5 cm long, 1.0 - 2, 5 cm wide, with a petiole equal to or slightly shorter than the leaf blade. Stipules linearly lance to linear, along the edge with shorter than their width sparse cilia or unequal short teeth; on the lower leaves 6 - 15 mm long, 1 - 2 mm wide, fused to the middle with the leaf petiole; on the middle free, with shorter and more sparse cilia and teeth, 10 - 20 mm long, 1.5 - 4.0 mm wide, 2 - 5 times shorter than the leaf petioles; on the upper 10 - 20 mm long, 2 - 4 mm wide, flat, slightly shorter or slightly longer than the leaf petioles. Flower petioles 4 - 10 cm long, with bracts below the curve. Flowers 1 - 4 per stem, single in the axils of the leaves, rectangular or square, 1.2 - 2.5 cm high, 1.2 - 2.0 cm wide, odorless. Sepals oblong-lance to linear-lance, with appendages 6 - 15 mm long, 1.5 - 3.0 mm wide, pointed, appendages square, 1.5 - 3.5 mm long. Petals blue, pale blue, rarely white, oblong-ovate to broadly obovate; upper 10 - 17 mm long, 5 - 7 mm wide, spread back and sideways; lateral asymmetrical, 10 - 18 mm long, 4 - 6 mm wide, at the base with a tuft of small fringes and 3 - 7 darker veins; lower shallow, spoon-shaped, together with the spur 13 - 25 mm long, 5 - 7 mm wide, shallowly incised, with 7 - 9 darker veins, narrowed at the base into 2 - 3 mm long grooved claw and spur; spur 2.0 - 3.5 mm long, 1.5 - 2 times longer than the calyx appendages, pale green or yellow-green, straight. The ovary naked; the style at the top with papillae, stigma entire, in the form of a short, straight beak. The box is three-walled, ribbed, oblong-ovate, obtuse, 10 - 15 mm long, 5 - 7 mm wide, naked, pale brown. Seeds ovoid, pale yellow to brown, 1.5 - 2.2 mm long and about 1 mm wide, the appendage poorly developed.

Volability

subsp.canina; V. catiina subsp. eu-canina Hayek, 1st c .; V. canitia var. ericetorum (Schrad.) Reichenb., 1. c ,; V. ericetorum Schrad ex Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. I (1821) 240. The stems are usually several together in a tuft, 5 - 15 cm high, lying or raised. Leaves dull, green, dense, narrowed from the middle upwards with a slightly convex or straight edge, obtuse. The stipules of the middle leaves are usually 3 times shorter than the petioles. Sepals with appendages 6 - 10 mm long; appendages 1.5 - 2.0 mm long. Blossoms seen from the front, almost square. The lower petal together with the spur 13 - 18 mm long. Western border mountains (Osogovo), Western and Eastern Sredna Gora, Western and Middle Rhodopes.

subsp. montana (L.) Hartm., Bot. Not. (1841) 82; Valent. Merxm. and A. Schmidt; 1. c .; V. canina subsp. montana (L.) Dahl, in Blytt., Norges Fl. (1906) 507; Hayek, op. c., 507; V. canina var. montana (L.) Fries, Novit. Fl. Suez. (1828) 273; V. montana L., Fl. Suez. (1775) 307; V. rupii auct. Podp., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna (1902) 632, non All. Stems single or several in number, 15 - 30 cm high. The leaves are light green, thin, narrowed from the lower third upwards with a straight or slightly concave edge, pointed. Stipules of middle leaves up to 2 times shorter than the petioles. Sepals with appendages 9 - 15 mm long; appendages 2.0 - 3.5 mm long. Blossoms seen from the front, rectangular, taller than wide. The lower petal together with the spur 15 - 25 mm long. Central and Western Stara Planina, Vitosha region, Western border mountains (Osogovo), Belasitsa, Slavyanka, Rila, Sredna gora, Western and Middle Rhodopes.

From:   „Флора на Н Р България”, том VII, Изд. на Б А Н, София, (1979)

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Viola canina (heath dog-violet[2] or heath violet) is a species of the genus Viola, native to Europe, where it is found in the uplands of box hill in Dorset, heaths, fens, and moist woodlands, especially on acidic soils.[3]
It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 5–15 cm tall. The flowers are pale blue, produced from April to July. Colonies of plants may be extensive.[3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Flowering Time: Blooms : IV - VII, fruitfu: V - VIII.

References: „Флора на Н Р България”, том VII, Изд. на Б А Н, София, (1979), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Distribution in Bulgaria: Growing in grassy places and in meadows, rarely in enlightened forests and bushes, in the mountain belt, mainly on silicate terrains. Western and Middle Stara Planina, Vitosha region, Western border mountains (Osogovo; also mentioned for Rui mountain - Georg., 1906), Belasitsa, Slavyanka, Rila, Sredna gora, Western and Middle Rhodopes, from 1000 to 2200 m above sea level height. Indicated for: Northern Black Sea Coast (Dav., 1902), Northeastern Bulgaria (Dav., 1902), Danube Plain (Urum., 1935), Fore-Balkans (Urum., 1898, 1935; Kov., 1900), Znepolski district (Podp., 1902; Urum., 1935), Sofia district (Urum., 1930, 1935). (Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora) = conspectus&gs_l= Zlc.

Distribution: Europe, Asia, North America.

Conservation status and threats: not protected species in Bulgaria by the Biodiversity Law. - Biological Diversity Act -    http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/zbran_22.08.15.pdf

Medical plant: no, it is not - Medicinal Plants Act - http://eea.government.bg/bg/legislation/biodiversity/ZLR_en.pdf

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Viola canina subsp. canina L.

From:   species.nbnatlas.org › species › NHMSYS0000464881

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Viola canina subsp. montana (L.) Hartm. is an accepted name

This name is the accepted name of an infraspecific taxon* of the species Viola canina L. in the genus Viola (family Violaceae).
* The Plant List does not attempt to include all infraspecific taxa
The record derives from WCSP (in review) (data supplied on 2012-03-26) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details: Bot. Not. 1841: 82 1841.
From:  
www.theplantlist.org › tpl1.1 › record › kew-2463879

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

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V. canina x riviniana; V. neglecta F. Schmidt, Fl. Bohemian. I I I (1794) 55; V. intersita Beck, Fl. Nieder. Ost. 2, I (1892) 521; V. nemoralis Jord., Pugil (1852) 21 Stem 10 - 15 cm high, without a rosette of leaves at the base. Lower leaves ovate-cordate, pointed; upper oblong-ovate, 2 (2.5) times longer than broad, with a shallow heart-shaped notch, more pointed. Stipules basically short ciliate or entire, upwards with lashes almost as long as the width in the middle of the stipule. The flowers are blue-violet in shape and size as in V. canina L. Vitosha.

From:   „Флора на Н Р България”, том VII, Изд. на Б А Н, София, (1979)

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